Meta-analysis of average and variability of time to extubation comparing isoflurane with desflurane or isoflurane with sevoflurane.

Background: We recently determined how to use anesthesia information management system data to model the time from end of surgery to extubation. We applied that knowledge for meta-analyses of trials comparing extubation times after maintenance with desflurane and sevoflurane. In this study, we repeated the meta-analyses to compare isoflurane with desflurane and sevoflurane.

Multiple anthelmintic resistance and the possible contributory factors in Beetal goats in an irrigated area (Pakistan).

This paper presents the first report of multiple anthelmintic resistance in the gastrointestinal nematodes of goats and its possible contributory factors in an irrigated area (Pakistan). A total of 18 privately owned Beetal goat flocks were selected in order to determine the anthelmintic resistance against commonly used anthelmintics. Forty to 48 animals from each flock were selected according to their weight and egg count.

Effect of carbimazole induced hypothyroidism and thyroxine replacement on the growth of the long bones in albino rats of different age groups.

To evaluate the effect of carbimazole induced hypothyroidism and thyroxine replacement, on the growth of long bones of albino rats of different age groups. Experimental albino rats were developed with carbimazole and carbimazole plus thyroxine for a period of six weeks. At the end of the experiment the animals were sacrificed, fixed and processed to demonstrate the bony and cartilaginous parts.

Direct and indirect anthelmintic effects of condensed tannins in sheep.

Anthelmintic activity of condensed tannins (CT) was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro tests included egg hatch test and paralysis/mortality assay on adult Haemonchus contortus. In vivo anthelmintic effect was determined by faecal egg count reduction test in lambs.

Significance of occult HBV infection in patients with chronic hepatitis C.

Objective: To determine the frequency of occurrence of occult Hepatitis B infection in chronic hepatitis C patients and its impact (if any) on the effectivity of standard chronic hepatitis C treatment.

Design: Quasi-experimental study.

Place And Duration Of Study: The study was conducted at the Department of Medicine, Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, and Virology Department, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, for a period of nine months from January 2003 to September 2003.

5-Aminolevulinic acid synthase: mechanism, mutations and medicine.

5-Aminolevulinic acid synthase (ALAS), the first enzyme of the heme biosynthesis pathway, catalyses the pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent condensation between glycine and succinyl-CoA to yield 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-amino-4-oxopentanoate). A three-dimensional structural model of Rhodobacter spheroides ALAS has been constructed and used to identify amino acid residues at the active site that are likely to be important for the recognition of glycine, the only amino acid substrate. Several residues have been investigated by site-directed mutagenesis and enzyme variants have been generated that are able to use alanine, serine or threonine.