Comparison of mental fatigue using EEG signals and task performance in normal and slump posture adults during computer typing.

Objectives: Slump sitting at workstations has been focused on by clinicians and researchers nowadays; however, there is limited evidence to date that improper positioning affects the mental state. Accordingly, the main objective of this research was to examine the impact of slump posture on mental fatigue and task performance.

Methods: A sample of 60 participants, 30 in each group including those with normal and slump postures were recruited to perform an hour of typing on the computer.

Is Anxiety related to oral examination scores of Anatomy and Physiology? A study of pre-clinical MBBS and BDS Students.

Objective: To assess anxiety levels among 1 and 2 year MBBS and 1 year BDS students in oral examinations of anatomy and physiology and to compare the anxiety scores among students of 1 and 2 year MBBS and 1 year BDS.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 231 undergraduate (MBBS and BDS) students of University from Karachi durning December 2022 to May 2023. Westside anxiety scale was used to assess anxiety levels in students and the scores were compared with oral examination scores using One-way analysis of variance.

Liposomal drug delivery systems for organ-specific cancer targeting: early promises, subsequent problems, and recent breakthroughs.

Introduction: Targeted liposomal systems for cancer intention have been recognized as a specific and robust approach compared to conventional liposomal delivery systems. Cancer cells have a unique microenvironment with special over-expressed receptors on their surface, providing opportunities for discovering novel and effective drug delivery systems using active targeting.

Areas Covered: Smartly targeted liposomes, responsive to internal or external stimulations, enhance the delivery efficiency by increasing accumulation of the encapsulated anti-cancer agent in the tumor site.

Does insulin-like growth factor-I level associate with pregnancy outcomes in primary and secondary infertile women undergoing in vitro fertilization? A prospective cohort study.

Infertility, which affects 8%-12% of couples worldwide and 21.9% of couples in Pakistan in particular, is a major reproductive health issue. In vitro fertilization (IVF) has emerged as a prevalent therapeutic intervention.

Design and Evaluation of Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Bio-composite for Site-Specific Oral Delivery of Darifenacin.

Benign hyperplasia (BHP) is a common disorder that affects men over the age of 60 years. Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is the gold standard for operative treatment, but a range of drugs are also available to improve quality of life and to reduce BHP-associated urinary tract infections and complications. Darifenacin, an anti-muscarinic agent, has been found effective for relieving symptoms of overactive bladder associated with BHP, but the drug has poor solubility and bioavailability, which are major challenges in product development.

Synthesis of 2-aminothiazole sulfonamides as potent biological agents: Synthesis, structural investigations and docking studies.

A simplified synthetic approach involving sulfonylation followed by amino group alkylation produced new 2-aminothiazole derivatives. UV/Vis, infrared, and NMR spectroscopies confirmed their structures. Compounds , , , and showed strong inhibition against Jack bean and Bacillus Pasteurii urease, with IC values from 14.

Solid Phase Synthesis, DFT Calculations, Molecular Docking, and Biological Studies of Symmetrical , , -Trisubstituted-1,3,5-triazines.

A diversity-oriented, multicomponent convergent synthesis of symmetrical triazines through a one-pot protocol is presented in this research project. The assembly of trisubstituted triazines was initially carried out using easily available reagents through three different protocols, i.e.

Cholic Acid-Grafted Thiolated Chitosan-Enveloped Nanoliposomes for Enhanced Oral Bioavailability of Azathioprine: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation.

The purpose of the present study was to develop a cholic acid-grafted thiolated chitosan (CA-CS-TGA) polymeric biomaterial for attaining improved permeation via attaching thiol groups and cholic acid moieties. For this purpose, a CA-CS-TGA graft was prepared, and modification was confirmed via FTIR analysis. The prepared CA-CS-TGA graft was used to coat the azathioprine-loaded nanoliposomes (ENLs), with subsequent characterization in terms of zeta size, zeta potential, and SEM analysis.

Recapitulation of Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) Prevalence in Small Ruminant Populations of Pakistan from 2004 to 2023: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an extremely transmissible viral disease caused by the PPR virus that impacts domestic small ruminants, namely sheep and goats. This study aimed to employ a methodical approach to evaluate the regional occurrence of PPR in small ruminants in Pakistan and the contributing factors that influence its prevalence. A thorough search was performed in various databases to identify published research articles between January 2004 and August 2023 on PPR in small ruminants in Pakistan.

New Pyrimidinone Bearing Aminomethylenes and Schiff Bases as Potent Antioxidant, Antibacterial, SARS-CoV-2, and COVID-19 Main Protease M Inhibitors: Design, Synthesis, Bioactivities, and Computational Studies.

New 2-thioxopyrimidinone derivatives (-) were synthesized in 87-96% yields via a simple three-component condensation reaction. These compounds were screened extensively through assays for antioxidant and antibacterial investigations. The DPPH assays resulted in the excellent potency of - as antioxidants with IC values of 0.

Structural, Optical, Electrical and Photocatalytic Investigation of n-Type Zn-Doped α-BiO Nanoparticles for Optoelectronics Applications.

Herein, n-type pure and Zn-doped monoclinic bismuth oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by the citrate sol-gel method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), photoluminescence (PL) analysis, ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, and Hall effect measurements were used to study the effect of Zn on the structural, optical, and electrical properties of nanoparticles. XRD revealed the monoclinic stable phase (α-BiO) of all synthesized samples and the crystallite size of nanoparticles increased with increasing concentration of dopant.

Design, synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking studies of quinoline-anthranilic acid hybrids as potent anti-inflammatory drugs.

Despite the high global prevalence, rheumatoid arthritis lacks a satisfactory treatment. Hence, the present study is undertaken to design and synthesize novel anti-inflammatory compounds. For this, quinoline and anthranilic acid, two medicinally-privileged moieties, were linked by pharmacophore hybridization, and following their computational assessments, three hybrids 5a-c were synthesized in good over all yields.

Risk of infection with arboviruses in a healthy population in Pakistan based on seroprevalence.

Infectious diseases caused by arboviruses are a public health concern in Pakistan. However, studies on data prevalence and threats posed by arboviruses are limited. This study investigated the seroprevalence of arboviruses in a healthy population in Pakistan, including severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV), Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), Tamdy virus (TAMV), and Karshi virus (KSIV) based on a newly established luciferase immunoprecipitation system (LIPS) assays, and Zika virus (ZIKV) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA).

Synthesis, characterization, pharmacological and computational evaluation of hyaluronic acid modified chebulinic acid encapsulated chitosan nanocomposite for cancer therapy.

The purpose of this study was to produce hyaluronic acid customized nanoparticles with chitosan for the delivery of chebulinic acid (CLA) to enhance its anticancer potential against breast cancer. A significant portion of CLA was encapsulated (89.72 ± 4.

Overcoming chemoresistance and radio resistance in prostate cancer: The emergent role of non-coding RNAs.

Prostate cancer (PCa) continues to be a major health concern worldwide, with its resistance to chemotherapy and radiation therapy presenting major hurdles in successful treatment. While patients with localized prostate cancer generally have a good survival rate, those with metastatic prostate cancer often face a grim prognosis, even with aggressive treatments using various methods. The high mortality rate in severe cases is largely due to the lack of treatment options that can offer lasting results, especially considering the significant genetic diversity found in tumors at the genomic level.

An Integrated Computational Approaches for Designing of Potential Piperidine based Inhibitors of Alzheimer Disease by Targeting Cholinesterase and Monoamine Oxidases Isoenzymes.

The study aimed to evaluate the potential of piperidine-based 2H chromen-2-one derivatives against targeted enzymes, i.e., cholinesterase's and monoamine oxidase enzymes.

Foliar application of iron-lysine to boost growth attributes, photosynthetic pigments and biochemical defense system in canola (Brassica napus L.) under cadmium stress.

In the current industrial scenario, cadmium (Cd) as a metal is of great importance but poses a major threat to the ecosystem. However, the role of micronutrient - amino chelates such as iron - lysine (Fe - lys) in reducing Cr toxicity in crop plants was recently introduced. In the current experiment, the exogenous applications of Fe - lys i.

Fabrication, organoleptic evaluation and in vitro characterization of cream loaded with Carica papaya seed extract.

Objective: The current study aimed to provide preliminary insights into potential biopharmaceutical applications of Carica papaya seed extract by evaluating its phytochemical and biological profiles. Furthermore, the study aimed to develop a stable oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion for the effective delivery of antioxidant-rich biologicals for cosmetic purposes.

Methods: The hydroethanolic (ethanol 80%: 20% water) extract of C.