Digital teaching: Developing a structured digital teaching competency framework for medical teachers.

Aim: To explore the core competencies needed on part of the medical and dental teachers to carry out effective digital teaching for their students.

Methods: It was a qualitative study which employed phenomenological approach. The data were collected from 12 teachers who were purposively selected for semi-structured interviews.

Epidemiology and Outcome of Nontraumatic Lower Limb Amputations.

Background: In order to create a solid evidence base for the development of improved management methods, this study was performed to describe the epidemiology and outcome of nontraumatic lower limb amputations (LLAs).

Methods: This descriptive case series was conducted over a period of 4 years. It included all patients of both sexes and all ages who underwent LLAs for nontraumatic indications.

Lower Limb Salvage For Tumours Around The Knee Using Oncological Resections And Megaprosthetic Reconstructions.

Background: This descriptive case series documented the clinical presentation of tumours around the knee in our population and explored the outcome of lower limb salvage with oncological resections and megaprosthetic reconstructions. The variables analysed included return of knee function, disease free survival and any complications observed over a follow up period of 5-years.

Methods: The study spanned over a period of 13-years.

Presentation and Management Outcome of High Radial Nerve Palsy with Tendon Transfers.

Background: This randomized clinical trial was carried out to document the clinical presentation of isolated high radial nerve palsy (high RNP) and compare the outcome of triple tendon transfers.

Methods: The study included patients of all genders and ages who presented with isolated high RNP. Half of them were randomly assigned to the flexor carpi radialis set (FCR-set) of tendon transfers (group A) and a half to the flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU-set) of tendon transfers (group B).

Presentation and outcome of carpal tunnel syndrome with mini incision open carpal tunnel release.

To document the clinical presentation of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and evaluate the outcome of mini-incision open carpal tunnel release in terms of surgical complications, relief/persistence of symptoms at 4 months, and recurrence at 1 year. This prospective case series included patients of all genders and ages who presented with CTS. They underwent release of transverse carpal ligament (TCL) under local anesthesia and tourniquet control on day care basis.

Presentation and Management Outcome of Glomus Tumors of the Hand.

Background: To document the clinical presentation of glomus tumors of the hand and evaluate the outcome of complete surgical excision in terms of relief of symptoms, any postoperative nail deformities and tumor recurrence over a period of one year.

Methods: This descriptive case series spanned over a period of twelve years. All patients of either gender and all ages who had histologically confirmed glomus tumors of the hands were included.

Management Outcome of de Quervain's Disease with Corticosteroid Injection Versus Surgical Decompression.

Background: This randomized clinical trial was undertaken to document the clinical presentation of de Quervain's disease and evaluate the outcome of management with triamcinolone acetonide (TAC) injection versus surgical decompression.

Methods: Half of the patients were assigned to the corticosteroid injection group (group A) and half to the surgery group (group B). In group A, 40 mg of TAC was injected into the affected first extensor compartment.

Supraclavicular Artery Flap versus Skin Graft: Which Is a Better Reconstructive Tool for Managing Post-Burn Contractures in the Neck.

Background: Burn in developing countries still has high burden of inadequately managed severe burns. This study compared supraclavicular artery flap and skin graft in managing neck post-burn contractures.

Methods: In National Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine and Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan, 30 patients with neck post-burn contractures were enrolled.

Presentation and outcome of femoral infected non-unions in children and adolescents.

Objectives: To document the presentation of infected non-unions of femur in pediatric and adolescent population and evaluate the outcome of segmental bone transport with the Ilizarov method.

Methods: This prospective case series study was carried out over a period of five years, from January 01, 2015 to December 31, 2019. The study included all children and adolescent patients who presented with femoral infected non unions.

Perspectives and Consensus among International Orthopaedic Surgeons during Initial and Mid-lockdown Phases of Coronavirus Disease.

With a lot of uncertainty, unclear, and frequently changing management protocols, COVID-19 has significantly impacted the orthopaedic surgical practice during this pandemic crisis. Surgeons around the world needed closed introspection, contemplation, and prospective consensual recommendations for safe surgical practice and prevention of viral contamination. One hundred orthopaedic surgeons from 50 countries were sent a Google online form with a questionnaire explicating protocols for admission, surgeries, discharge, follow-up, relevant information affecting their surgical practices, difficulties faced, and many more important issues that happened during and after the lockdown.

Clinical and Demographic Profile of Cutaneous Melanoma: Pakistani Perspective.

Background: Cutaneous melanomas (CMs) account for only a small proportion of skin cancers, however these are responsible for most skin cancer deaths. There has been a consistently increasing trend in their incidence across the globe.

Methods: This prospective case series study spanned over a period of three years.

Clinical and Demographic Profile of Volkmann's Ischemic Contractures Presenting at National Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Islamabad, Pakistan.

Background: Established Volkmann's ischemic contractures (VICs) represent the eventuality of neglected acute compartment syndrome (ACS) of the forearm. This study assessed the clinical and demographic presentation of VICs.

Methods: This study was conducted at Department of Plastic Surgery, National Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Islamabad, Pakistan over a period of three years and included all patients of either gender who presented with VICs and analyzed various corrective procedures instituted as surgical remedies.

A brief synopsis on scalp melanoma.

Melanoma constitutes one of the most sinister and troublesome malignancies encountered by humanity. Generally, the diagnosis of advanced melanoma connotes a grave prognosis, prompting a sense of looming threat of death, however, the early-stage detected disease responds well to robust treatment resulting in reasonable survivorship. Scalp melanomas are even more troublesome, because they typically exhibit more aggressive biologic behavior and are often diagnosed at a late stage.

Successful Treatment of Well-Developed Accessory Lower Limb Associated with Spinal Dysraphism.

Accessory lower limb with spinal dysraphism are amongst the rarest known anomalies. We successfully managed a 5-months old female infant with surgical ablation of the accessory lower limb and repair of the associated large lipomyelomeningocele. A comprehensive review of the relevant literature was undertaken and presented herein.

Clinical Applications and Outcome of Proximally Based Medial Gastrocnemius Muscle Flap.

Background: Gastrocnemius muscle flap has been in vogue for approximately five decades. The current study was carried out to document the indications and outcome of proximally based medial gastrocnemius muscle flap in our patients.

Methods: This case series was conducted in Department of Plastic Surgery and Orthopedics, National Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine (NIRM), Islamabad, Pakistan during 3 years.

Reverse Flow Superficial Sural Artery Fasciocutaneous Flap: A Comparison of Outcome between Interpolated Flap Design versus Islanded Flap Design.

Background: Complex soft-tissue defects of the distal third of the leg, proximal third of foot and similar wounds around the ankle represent formidable foes for plastic surgeons. This study compared the outcome of 2-staged interpolated flap design versus single stage islanded flap design of reverse flow superficial sural artery flap.

Methods: Thirty-four patients were enrolled, while half randomly underwent interpolated flap design (group A) and for half, islanded flap design (group B).

Outcome of complex non-unions of femoral fractures managed with Ilizarov method of distraction osteogenesis.

Objective: To evaluate the management outcome of complex non-union of femoral fractures with Ilizarov method in terms of bone union, functional results and any complications.

Methods: This case series study was carried out at the Departments of Orthopedic Surgery, National Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine (NIRM), Islamabad and Civil hospital, Quetta over a period of three and half years, January 1, 2015 to June 30,2018.

Results: There were 50 patients in the study.

Presentation and management outcome of tibial infected non-union with Ilizarov technique.

Objective: To document the presentation of tibial infected non-union and analyze the management outcome with Ilizarov technique in terms of bone results, functional outcome, bone transport time, external fixation time, external fixation index and any complications.

Methods: This case series was conducted at the Departments of Orthopedic Surgery, National Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine (NIRM), Islamabad and Civil hospital, Quetta over a period of 3-years.

Results: There were 56 patients with 53(94.

Presentation and Management of Neglected Developmental Dysplasia of Hip (DDH): 8-years' experience with single stage triple procedure at National Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Islamabad, Pakistan.

Objective: To document the clinical presentation of neglected DDH and evaluate the outcome of triple procedure.

Methods: It was a descriptive case series study, conducted at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine (NIRM), Islamabad over a period of 8-years. It included children aged >1 and <9 years who underwent the triple procedure of open reduction, femoral shortening and Salter's osteotomy.