Lethality of Sesquiterpenes Reprogramming Red Palm Weevil Detoxification Mechanism for Natural Novel Biopesticide Development.

Natural biopesticide development for invasive populations of red palm weevils is mainly responsible for the destruction of date palms and demands an extensive screening program of plant secondary metabolites. In the current study, the pesticidal potential of sesquiterpenes (C H), an important class of plant secondary metabolites primarily composed of three isoprene units, was evaluated by laboratory toxicity, feeding performance bioassays, and host detoxification gene expression patterns. Dose-mortality response bioassays performed against mid-aged eighth-instar red palm weevil larvae revealed dose-dependent mortality.

Toxin-Pathogen Synergy Reshaping Detoxification and Antioxidant Defense Mechanism of (McGregor).

Current study reveals the likelihood to use pathogen and toxin mutually as an effective and eco-friendly strategy for (McGregor) management, which could reduce toxicant dose and host killing time. Therefore, phytol and in different proportions were evaluated to determine their effectiveness. Prior to ascertaining host mortality and defense mechanisms, we have recorded in vitro action of phytol using different concentrations (0.

Toxicity of Plant Secondary Metabolites Modulating Detoxification Genes Expression for Natural Red Palm Weevil Pesticide Development.

This study aimed to explore the larvicidal and growth-inhibiting activities, and underlying detoxification mechanism of red palm weevil against phenylpropanoids, an important class of plant secondary metabolites. Toxicity of α-asarone, eugenol, isoeugenol, methyl eugenol, methyl isoeugenol, coumarin, coumarin 6, coniferyl aldehyde, diniconazole, ethyl cinnamate, and rosmarinic acid was evaluated by incorporation into the artificial diet. All of the phenylpropanoids exhibited dose- and time-dependent insecticidal activity.

Susceptibility and Immune Defence Mechanisms of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) against Entomopathogenic Fungal Infections.

Insects infected with entomopathogenic fungi, experience physiological changes that influence their growth and immune defence. The potential of nine isolates of entomopathogenic fungi was evaluated after determining percent germination and relative conidial hydrophobicity. However, nutritional indices were evaluated after immersing eighth-instar Rhynchophorus ferrugineus larvae into each isolate suspension (1 × 10⁷ conidia/mL).

Insecticidal potency of RNAi-based catalase knockdown in Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Oliver) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae).

Background: Palm trees around the world are prone to notorious Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, which causes heavy losses of palm plantations. In Middle Eastern countries, this pest is a major threat to date palm orchards. Conventional pest control measures with the major share of synthetic insecticides have resulted in insect resistance and environmental issues.

Rhynchophorus ferrugineus midgut cell line to evaluate insecticidal potency of different plant essential oils.

Cell cultures can be a potent and strong tool to evaluate the insecticidal efficiency of natural products. Plant essential oils have long been used as the fragrance or curative products around the world which means that they are safer to be used in close proximity of humans and mammals. In this study, a midgut cell line, developed from Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (RPW-1), was used for screening essential oils from nine different plants.

Mycoinsecticides: potential and future perspective.

Crop damage and consequent loss in productivity associated with arthropod pests represent the most serious threats to the world economy. Different methods have been used in the past to control arthropod pests; however, the increase in incidences of resistance to pesticides, food safety concerns, and concerns related to environmental impact associated with the use of chemical pesticides have led to the recent expansion of biological control agents. Entomopathogenic fungi are important and promising bio-control agents for controlling arthropod pests.

Establishing midgut cell culture from Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) and toxicity assessment against ten different insecticides.

Midgut epithelial cell culture was successfully developed from red palm weevil (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus) during this study and named as RPW-1. Optimum conditions for four different commercial media were also worked out to successfully maintain the culture. Grace's medium was found to be the most effective for RPW-1 culturing which resulted in the highest cell density of 7.

Identification of a novel interacting partner of the chemosensory protein 1 from Plutella xylostella L.

Chemosensory proteins (CSPs) are small soluble proteins endowed with heterogeneous functions. The information so far available for CSPs suggested these well-defined and conserved proteins were involved in diverse activities, including chemical communication, feeding, development, mating, immune regulation, as well as circadian rhythms. However, the detailed mechanisms of these physiological functions remain elusive.

RNAi-mediated knockdown of catalase causes cell cycle arrest in SL-1 cells and results in low survival rate of Spodoptera litura (Fabricius).

Deregulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production can lead to the disruption of structural and functional integrity of cells as a consequence of reactive interaction between ROS and various biological components. Catalase (CAT) is a common enzyme existing in nearly all organisms exposed to oxygen, which decomposes harmful hydrogen peroxide, into water and oxygen. In this study, the full length sequence that encodes CAT-like protein from Spodoptera litura named siltCAT (GenBank accession number: JQ_663444) was cloned and characterized.

Molecular cloning, characterization of CAT, and eco-toxicological effects of dietary zinc oxide on antioxidant enzymes in Eisenia fetida.

The full-length cDNA of catalase (EfCAT) from Eisenia fetida was cloned (GenBank accession no. JN617999). Sequence characterization revealed that EfCAT protein sequence contained proximal heme-ligand signature sequence ((351)RLFSYSDTH(359)), two glycosylation sites (N(145) and N(436)), the proximal active site signature ((61)FDRERIPERVVHAKGAGA(78)), and 12 amino acids (N(145), H(191), F(195), S(198), R(200), N(210), Y(212), K(234), I(299), W(300), Q(302), and Y(355)), which were identified as putative residues involved in NADPH binding.

Molecular cloning, characterization of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase and expression analysis of stress-responsive genes from Eisenia fetida against dietary zinc oxide.

The full length cDNA of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) from Eisenia fetida (E. fetida) was cloned (GenBank accession no. JN579648).

Combination of Kluyveromyces marxianus and sodium bicarbonate for controlling green mold of citrus fruit.

Biocontrol efficacy of an antagonistic yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus was evaluated individually or in combination with sodium bicarbonate (SBC) against green mold of citrus fruit caused by Penicillium digitatum. Their effects on postharvest quality of citrus fruit were also investigated. The results indicated that the antagonistic activity of K.

Apolipophorin III and transmission electron microscopy as toxicity indicators for harmaline and tea saponin in Spodoptera exigua (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera).

Apolipophorin III, traditionally known for lipid transport in insects is fairly established as toxicity indicator against harmaline and tea saponin during this study. Apolipophorin III expressed in the hemolymph and midgut tissues of 3rd, 4th, 5th larval instars and pupae of Spodoptera exigua. Apolipophorin III presence was further confirmed by achieving its partial cDNA (Genbank accession no.

Biodegradation of beta-cypermethrin and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid by a novel Ochrobactrum lupini DG-S-01.

A newly isolated bacterium DG-S-01 from activated sludge utilized beta-cypermethrin (beta-CP) and its major metabolite 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) as sole carbon and energy source for growth in mineral salt medium (MSM). Based on the morphology, physio-biochemical characteristics, and 16S rDNA sequence analysis, DG-S-01 was identified as Ochrobactrum lupini. DG-S-01 effectively degraded beta-CP with total inocula biomass A(590 nm) = 0.

Screening of T7 phage displayed Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) antenna cDNA library against chemosensory protein.

Recent studies have shown that chemosensory proteins (CSPs) were involved in diverse life activities such as insect feeding, development, mating, immune regulation, as well as other important circadian rhythms, etc. To screen the proteins involved in the BdorCSP-related physiological activity, a cDNA library of the Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) antenna expressed on the surface of T7 phage was screened against BdorCSP. After four rounds of screening, ELISA-positive samples of selected phages were sequenced and identified as protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), trypsin-like serine protease (Ser), TakeOut (TO), and a new protein by GenBank blast, respectively.

Molecular characterization and expression pattern of four chemosensory proteins from diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae).

Some chemosensory proteins (CSPs) expressed in insect sensory appendages are thought to be involved in chemical signaling in moths. We cloned and characterized four CSP genes from Plutella xylostella. The deduced amino acid sequences of PxylCSP1, PxylCSP2, PxylCSP3 and PxylCSP4 revealed open reading frames of 152, 128, 126 and 126 amino acids, respectively, with four conserved cysteine residues.