Global digital divide and environmental degradation in Africa.

ICTs and access to Internet use are considered vital for the achievement of sustainable development goals. So, this study explored the effect of the global digital divide, trade openness, renewable energy consumption, and forestation on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in 42 high-income countries (HICs) and high-middle-income (HMICs), low-income countries (LICs), and low-middle-income countries (LMICs) of Africa from 1990 to 2018. TheDumitrescu-Hurlin causality results confirmed a unidirectional causality from GHG emissions to the global digital divide (HICs and HMICs), global digital divide to GHG emissions (LICs), and GHG emission to trade openness (LICs and LMICs).

Do natural disasters affect economic growth? The role of human capital, foreign direct investment, and infrastructure dynamics.

Natural disasters do occur and have become a global problem due to increasing intensity. Developing countries are mostly affected due to natural disasters owing to a poor environment, feeble adaptation, impoverished socioeconomic conditions, poor infrastructure, limited resources, and unstable institutions. The SDG 11.

Estimation of economic, environmental, and social efficiency for sustainable development in G-8 and SAARC countries: a data envelopment analysis.

In the recent era, economic growth is not enough to represent sustainable development. Sustainable development has three dimensions (i.e.

Modeling financial development, tourism, energy consumption, and environmental quality: Is there any discrepancy between developing and developed countries?

The main purpose of this study is to explore the dynamic association between financial development, tourism, primary and renewable energy utilization, urbanization, and carbon emission by employing the longitudinal data of 52 countries from 1995 to 2017. Empirical results of panel pooled mean group-autoregressive distributive lag (PMG-ARDL) model reveal that financial development significantly improves the environmental quality in developed countries. However, it has a detrimental but insignificant effect on the environment in developing countries.

An empirical nexus between economic growth, energy utilization, trade policy, and ecological footprint: a continent-wise comparison in upper-middle-income countries.

This study investigates the causal connection between economic growth, foreign direct investment, primary and renewable energy utilization, trade openness, and ecological footprint for 33 upper-middle-income countries (UMICs) from Africa, Asia, Europe, and America during the period from 1994 to 2017. Initially, first- as well as second-generation panel unit root tests are applied to check the integration order after confirming the cross-sectional dependency and heterogeneity. Four different tests (FMOLS, DOLS, FGLS, and AMG) are applied to estimate the long-run elasticity, whereas Dumitrescu and Hurlin (D-H) non-causality test is used to test growth, conservation, and feedback hypothesis.

Role of Methyl Prednisolone in Longitudinal Extensive Transverse Myelitis (LETM) in Children.

Objective: The role of methyl prednisolone in longitudinal extensive transverse myelitis in children is not completely discovered in developing country like Pakistan. So this is the first study which aimed to evaluate the efficacy of methyl prednisolone in longitudinal extensive transverse myelitis in children.

Methods: This is quasi experimental hospital based descriptive prospective study.

The impact of temperature, rainfall, and health worker density index on road traffic fatalities in Pakistan.

A road traffic accident is a burning issue because the cost of road accidents is about 2% of gross domestic product in Pakistan. This paper explores the relationship between health force density index, temperature, rainfall, road lengths, and road traffic fatalities in Pakistan from 1985 to 2016. The stationarity was determined with the help of four-unit root tests.

Road traffic fatalities and its determinants in high-income countries: a continent-wise comparison.

Road traffic accidents (RTAs) are accountable for 1.2 million deaths and road safety is the part of sustainable development goals, which aims to provide a safe, accessible, affordable, and sustainable transport system by 2030. This study discovered the nexus of road traffic fatalities (RTFs) with its determinants in Asia, Europe, and America.

The dependency analysis between energy consumption, sanitation, forest area, financial development, and greenhouse gas: a continent-wise comparison of lower middle-income countries.

This study explored the long-run association among greenhouse gases (GHGs), financial development, forest area, improved sanitation, renewable energy, urbanization, and trade in 24 lower middle-income countries from Asia, Europe, Africa, and America (South and North) by using panel data from 1990 to 2015. Granger causality was tested by Toda and Yamamoto approach. The bi-directional causality was established among urbanization and GHGs (Asia), financial development and forest (Asia), energy use and renewable energy (Asia), renewable energy and forest (Asia), improved sanitation and forest (Asia, Africa, America), urbanization and forest (Asia), and improved sanitation and financial development (Europe).

General dependencies and causality analysis of road traffic fatalities in OECD countries.

The road traffic accidents were responsible for material and human loss which was equal to 2.8 to 5% of gross national product (GNP). However, literature does not explore the elasticity coefficients and nexus of road traffic fatalities with foreign direct investment, health expenditures, trade openness, mobile subscriptions, the number of researchers in R&D department, and environmental particulate matter.

Clinical Spectrum and Outcome of Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis in Children.

Objective: To determine clinical spectrum, neuroimaging finding and outcome of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) in children.

Study Design: Descriptive and cross-sectional study.

Place And Duration Of Study: Department of Paediatric Neurology, Children's Hospital and Institute of Child Health, Lahore, from 2015 to 2016.