Infraorbital nerve block for pain management in pediatric cleft lip surgery in resource-limited areas of Indonesia: A case series.

Introduction And Importance: Cleft lip and palate (CLP) are congenital anomalies of the craniofacial region, commonly found in low- and middle-income countries, including Indonesia. Surgical correction of clefts typically begins at around three months of age to support infant growth. An infraorbital nerve block is an option for regional anesthesia in CLP surgery.

Pulsed Radiofrequency Decreases pERK and Affects Intracellular Ca Influx, Cytosolic ATP Level, and Mitochondrial Membrane Potential in the Sensitized Dorsal Root Ganglion Neuron Induced by N-Methyl D-Aspartate.

Background: The molecular mechanism of pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) in chronic pain management is not fully understood. Chronic pain involves the activation of specific N-Methyl D-Aspartate receptors (NMDAR) to induce central sensitization. This study aims to determine the effect of PRF on central sensitization biomarker phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (pERK), Ca influx, cytosolic ATP level, and mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) of the sensitized dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neuron following NMDAR activation.

Serine racemase interaction with N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors antagonist reveals potential alternative target of chronic pain treatment: Molecular docking study.

Serine racemase (SR) catalyzes L-serine racemization to activate the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR). NMDAR activation is associated with the progression of acute-to-chronic neuropathic pain. This study aimed to investigate NMDAR antagonist interactions with SR to obtain potential chronic pain target therapy.