Analytical Study Of Salivary Mmp-12 Expression In Oral Submucous Fibrosis.

Background: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is majorly a pathology pertaining to Asian population, reported most in Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bangladesh, and Taiwan. Equilibrium existing between Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) & tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases is imperative for the normal integrity of connective tissues. However, this mechanism is disturbed in the presence of OSF, resulting in an increase in the extracellular matrix.

Association of the Unstimulated Whole Salivary Cytokine IL-1β Levels with Initial, Moderate and Severe Periodontitis. A Case Control Study.

Periodontitis (P) is a highly prevalent inflammatory disease of the oral cavity. The objective of the study was to evaluate the stages of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β in initial, moderate and severe periodontitis. One hundred and twenty two patients were included in the study.

Association between Interleukin-1β Gene Polymorphism and Chronic Periodontitis.

Objectives: Periodontitis is a pathological condition of the oral cavity, originating from multiple factors, including microbial, environmental and genetic factors. The vulnerability to several pathologies has been studied with the relationship to genetic polymorphisms, and one of the most prominent is the single nucleotide polymorphisms throughout the genome. The study aimed to find out the association of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of interleukin-1β +3954 gene with chronic periodontitis (CP) in Pakistan MATERIALS AND METHODS: This case-control study was conducted at Dow University of Health Sciences.

Estimation of salivary matrix metalloproteinases- 12 (MMP- 12) levels among patients presenting with oral submucous fibrosis and oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma is a global threat and accounts for approximately 90% of malignant oral lesions. The emergence of oral carcinoma is linked to precancerous lesions, which act as precursors of the disease. Matrix metalloproteinases appear to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of both precancerous conditions and oral malignancies due to their participation in remodeling of the extracellular matrix.

COVID-19 and Dental Education in Pakistan.

The spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected more than 6 million people globally; and changed the dynamics of the entire world. In March 2020, novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). In Pakistan, the first case of COVID-19 was reported on 26th February, 2020.

Pakistan: country report on children's environmental health.

Pakistan is a developing country with an estimated population of 220 million, and among them 34% are children. Due to the lack of a proper health care system, particularly in rural areas, children are prone to many environmental hazards. This paper reports about the different environmental health issues faced by children in Pakistan and was presented at the Regional Meeting on Children's Environmental Health at the Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand in May 2019.

Clinicopathological importance of Papanicolaou smears for the diagnosis of premalignant and malignant lesions of the cervix.

Background: Premalignant and malignant lesions are not uncommon in Pakistani women, especially in the older age-groups

Aim: This study was conducted to determine the clinicopathological importance of conventional Papanicolaou (Pap) smears for the diagnosis of premalignant and malignant lesions of the cervix.

Materials And Methods: Pap smears of 1000 women were examined from January 2007 to June 2009. Only cases with neoplastic cytology were included.

Evaluation for granulomatous inflammation on fine needle aspiration cytology using special stains.

Background. Tuberculosis is the commonest infectious disease in the developing world. Many diagnostic tests are devised for its detection including direct smear examination.