Publications by authors named "Muhammad M Khakwani"
Article Synopsis
- Pakistan has experienced multiple HIV outbreaks over the past 20 years, with a surge in cases since 2018, particularly among high-risk groups like drug users, men who have sex with men, and sex workers.
- Key factors contributing to the rise in HIV infections include poor infection control, unsafe blood transfusions, unethical healthcare practices, and a lack of public awareness, combined with insufficiently trained healthcare providers.
- Sustainable solutions require comprehensive efforts from all stakeholders to improve testing, tracing, and treatment, while also addressing the root causes of these outbreaks that have been neglected so far.
Article Synopsis
- Pakistan has experienced multiple HIV outbreaks over the last two decades, particularly centered in Larkana, which has seen alarming cases shift from high-risk groups to a low-risk pediatric population in 2019.
- This shift raises concerns about the increasing spread of HIV into the general public and suggests that control strategies are not effectively managing the epidemic, leading to a rise in overall cases.
- The review aims to summarize known risk factors from past outbreaks, investigate potential connections like child sexual abuse in recent cases, and propose strategies to combat future HIV outbreaks in Pakistan.
Article Synopsis
- Pakistan has a high burden of sepsis, but there's a lack of comprehensive data and understanding about it, especially in low-middle-income countries (LMICs) like Pakistan.
- The main sources of sepsis in Pakistan are respiratory and urinary tract infections, mainly caused by gram-negative organisms, and the healthcare system struggles with delayed access and poor adherence to existing treatment guidelines.
- Addressing sepsis requires focused efforts on implementing cost-effective guidelines and better data collection to improve diagnosis, management, and overall patient outcomes.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can vary on a spectrum of asymptomatic disease to rarer manifestations like hypercoagulability especially among elderly patients admitted in the intensive care unit (ICU) and those with preexisting comorbidities. The exact mechanism behind this phenomenon is still unclear, however studies have shown an association with elevated cytokines and severe inflammatory response which encompasses this disease. Hypercoagulability can be limited to the lungs, or present as systemic manifestations of arterial and venous thrombosis leading to mortal outcomes.
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