Struvite separation from wastewater and its use with sulfur-oxidizing bacteria improves phosphorus utilization in alkaline soil.

A major portion of phosphatic fertilizer comes from the limiting natural resource, rock phosphate, which demands a timely alternative. Struvite, a crystalline mineral of low solubility, is a worthwhile alternative. Evaluation of the local wastewater streams for their ability to precipitate struvite and its capability as phosphatic fertilizer under an alkaline soil environment was studied.

Parasitological, molecular, and epidemiological investigation of Trypanosoma evansi infection among dromedary camels in Balochistan province.

Surra is a zoonotic disease caused by Trypanosoma evansi (T. evansi), which affects a wide variety of animals worldwide. The disease has a severe impact on the productivity, health, and working capacity of camels and causes mortality and extensive economic losses if not diagnosed early.

Carboplatin sensitivity in epithelial ovarian cancer cell lines: The impact of model systems.

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy in North America, underscoring the need for the development of new therapeutic strategies for the management of this disease. Although many drugs are pre-clinically tested every year, only a few are selected to be evaluated in clinical trials, and only a small number of these are successfully incorporated into standard care. Inaccuracies with the initial in vitro drug testing may be responsible for some of these failures.

Genetic Diversity of Canine Species Prevalent in Pet Dogs of Punjab, Pakistan.

Canine babesiosis is a serious threat to dogs' health worldwide, caused by the intra-erythrocytic species. The present study was carried out in pet dogs presented at three clinics of Lahore and one of Narowal in Punjab, Pakistan. Two hundred blood samples (50 from each clinic) were collected and screened by microscopy for spp.

Long-term fluorescence hyperspectral imaging of on-chip treated co-culture tumour spheroids to follow clonal evolution.

Multicellular tumour spheroids are an ideal in vitro tumour model to study clonal heterogeneity and drug resistance in cancer research because different cell types can be mixed at will. However, measuring the individual response of each cell population over time is challenging: current methods are either destructive, such as flow cytometry, or cannot image throughout a spheroid, such as confocal microscopy. Our group previously developed a wide-field fluorescence hyperspectral imaging system to study spheroids formed and cultured in microfluidic chips.

Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein F Mediates Insulin Inhibition of Bcl2-Modifying Factor Expression and Tubulopathy in Diabetic Kidney.

We investigated the molecular mechanism(s) by which insulin prevents Bcl2-modifying factor (Bmf)-induced renal proximal tubular cell (RPTC) apoptosis and loss in diabetic mice. Transgenic mice (Tg) mice specifically overexpressing human BMF in RPTCs and non-Tg littermates were studied at 10 to 20 weeks of age. Non-diabetic littermates, diabetic Akita mice +/- insulin implant, Akita Tg mice specifically overexpressing heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein F (hnRNP F) in their RPTCs and immortalized rat renal proximal tubular cells (IRPTCs) were also studied.

The role of clusterin in prostate cancer: treatment resistance and potential as a therapeutic target.

Resistance to cancer treatment can arise through multiple mechanisms and negatively impacts on progression rates and survival times. New therapies targeting pathways underlying resistance would improve treatment outcomes and be of particular value in the treatment of prostate cancer, many of whom develop tumors refractory to radiation, hormonal therapy and chemotherapy regimens. The improved understanding of metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer progression mechanisms has broadened the therapeutic window by unveiling multiple molecular targets.

Entamoeba infections in different populations of dogs in an endemic area of Lahore, Pakistan.

Entamoeba histolytica, a protozoan parasite that affects humans and other primates all over the world. It is a common waterborne pathogen in endemic areas that have fecal oral transmission cycle. The aim of the present study was to examine the prevalence of E.

Prevalence of Entamoeba histolytica -like cysts compared to E. histolytica antigens detected by ELISA in the stools of 600 patients from three socioeconomic communities in the Metropolitan City of Lahore, Pakistan.

Amoebiasis, caused by Entamoeba histolytica , has a worldwide distribution and is of public health significance in many developing countries. It has a fecal-oral transmission cycle and is most prevalent in developing countries in regions where substandard sanitary conditions exist due to poverty. Little is known about the epidemiology of E.

Pseudotumour of spleen.

A 57 years female presented with complaints of pain in the left hypochondrium and fever for 4 weeks. A single firm preoperative diagnosis could not be made in this lady. At exploration, spleen was enlarged with a lobulated mass at the hilum.

Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum and Brucella abortus in dairy cattle herds with high abortion rates.

The protozoan Neospora caninum and the bacterium Brucella abortus are well-recognized causes of abortion in dairy cattle. Serum samples (n  =  240) from aborting (n  =  141) and at-risk (n  =  99) animals from 5 herds with high abortion rates in Punjab Province, Pakistan, were tested for antibodies to N. caninum using monoclonal antibody-based ELISA and for antibodies to B.

Estimation of fatalities due to road traffic crashes in Karachi, Pakistan, using capture-recapture method.

The objective of the study was to estimate the magnitude of road traffic fatalities occurring in Karachi, Pakistan. A 2-source capture-recapture model was applied to obtain a reliable estimate of the magnitude of the problem. A conservative adjusted estimate of fatalities generated, using data from 2 sources matched by at least name, gender, age, and location.

Spatial patterns monitoring of road traffic injuries in Karachi metropolis.

This article aims to assess the pattern of road traffic injuries (RTIs) and fatalities in Karachi metropolis. Assessing the pattern of RTIs in Karachi at this juncture is important for many reasons. The rapid motorisation in the recent years due to the availability of credit has significantly increased the traffic volume of the city.

Anthelmintic activity of Swertia chirata against gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep.

This paper describes in vitro and in vivo anthelmintic activities of Swertia chirata. In vitro studies revealed that at 25 mg/ml (P>/=0.05) the crude aqueous (CAE) and methanolic extracts (CME) of S.

In vivo anthelmintic activity of ginger against gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep.

This paper describes the anthelmintic activity of Zingiber officinale Roscoe (family Zingiberaceae) rhizome, commonly known as ginger, to justify its traditional use in veterinary medicine. Crude powder (CP) and crude aqueous extract (CAE) of dried ginger (1-3 g/kg) were administered to sheep naturally infected with mixed species of gastrointestinal nematodes. Both CP and CAE exhibited a dose- and a time-dependent anthelmintic effect with respective maximum reduction of 25.

In vitro and In vivo anthelmintic activity of Nicotiana tabacum L. leaves against gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep.

The in vitro and in vivo anthelmintic activity of Nicotiana tabacum L. leaves was studied to rationalize its traditional use. Live Haemonchus contortus were used to assess the in vitro anthelmintic effect of a crude aqueous extract (CAE) and a methanol extract (CME) of N.

In vivo anthelmintic activity of Butea monosperma against Trichostrongylid nematodes in sheep.

Seeds of Butea monosperma administered as crude powder (CP) at doses of 1, 2 and 3 g/kg to sheep naturally infected with mixed species of gastrointestinal nematodes exhibited a dose and a time-dependent anthelmintic effect. The maximum reduction of 78.4% in eggs per gram of feces (EPG) was recorded on day 10 after treatment with 3 g/kg.

Anthelmintic activity of Calotropis procera (Ait.) Ait. F. flowers in sheep.

The anthelmintic activity of Calotropis (C.) procera flowers in comparison with levamisole was evaluated through in vitro and in vivo studies. In vitro studies revealed anthelmintic effects (P<0.

Anthelmintic activity of Artemisia brevifolia in sheep.

This paper describes the in vitro and in vivo anthelmintic activity of Artemisia brevifolia in comparison with levamisole. In vitro studies revealed anthelmintic effects of crude aqueous (CAE) and methanol extracts (CME) of Artemisia brevifolia (whole plant) on live Haemonchus contortus as evident from their paralysis and/or mortality at 6 h post exposure. For in vivo studies, the whole plant of Artemisia brevifolia was administered as crude powder (CP), CAE and CME at graded doses (1, 2 and 3 g kg(-1) body weight (b.