Systematic review and meta-analysis on the classification metrics of machine learning algorithm based radiomics in hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis.

The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate the performance of classification metrics of machine learning-driven radiomics in diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Following the PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive search was conducted across three major scientific databases-PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus-from 2018 to 2022. The search yielded a total of 436 articles pertinent to the application of machine learning and deep learning for HCC prediction.

Bibliometric Review of Optimization and Image Processing of Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Imaging System between 1981-2022.

Background: PET scan stands as a valuable diagnostic tool in nuclear medicine, enabling the observation of metabolic and physiological changes at a molecular level. However, PET scans have a number of drawbacks, such as poor spatial resolution, noisy images, scattered radiation, artifacts, and radiation exposure. These challenges demonstrate the need for optimization in image processing techniques.

Impact of Image Enhancement on the Radiomics Stability of Diffusion-Weighted MRI Images of Cervical Cancer.

The diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) technique is known for its capability to differentiate the diffusion of water molecules between cancerous and non-cancerous cervix tissues, which enhances the accuracy of detection. Despite the potential of DWI-MRI, its accuracy is limited by technical factors influencing in vivo data acquisition, thus impacting the quantification of radiomics features. This study aimed to measure the radiomics stability of manual and semi-automated segmentation on contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE)-enhanced DWI-MRI cervical images.

Estimating Local Diagnostic Reference Levels for Mammography in Dubai.

As the total volume of mammograms in Dubai is increasing consistently, it is crucial to focus on the process of dose optimization by determining dose reference levels for such sensitive radiographic examinations as mammography. This work aimed to determine local diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) for mammography procedures in Dubai at different ranges of breast thickness. A total of 2599 anonymized mammograms were randomly retrieved from a central dose survey database.

Microstructure and Superconducting Properties of Bi-2223 Synthesized via Co-Precipitation Method: Effects of Graphene Nanoparticle Addition.

The effects of graphene addition on the phase formation and superconducting properties of (BiPb)SrCaCuO (Bi-2223) ceramics synthesized using the co-precipitation method were systematically investigated. Series samples of Bi-2223 were added with different weight percentages ( = 0.0, 0.

A single targeted gamma-ray irradiation induced an acute modulation of immune cells and related cytokines in EMT6 mouse-bearing tumour model.

Background: A complicated interplay between radiation doses, tumour microenvironment (TME), and host immune system is linked to the active participation of immune response.

Objective: The effects of single targeted 2 Gy and 8 Gy gamma-ray irradiations on the immune cell population (lymphocytes, B-cells, T-cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, and macrophages) in EMT6 mouse-bearing tumour models was investigated.

Methods: The effects of both irradiation doses in early (96 hours) and acute phase (5 to 11 days) post-irradiation on immune parameters were monitored in blood circulation and TME using flow cytometry.

Acquired radioresistance in EMT6 mouse mammary carcinoma cell line is mediated by CTLA-4 and PD-1 through JAK/STAT/PI3K pathway.

Cancer recurrence is often associated with the acquisition of radioresistance by cancer tissues due to failure in radiotherapy. The underlying mechanism leading to the development of acquired radioresistance in the EMT6 mouse mammary carcinoma cell line and the potential pathway involved was investigated by comparing differential gene expressions between parental and acquired radioresistance cells. EMT6 cell line was exposed to 2 Gy/per cycle of gamma-ray and the survival fraction between EMT6-treated and parental cells was compared.

Stability and Reproducibility of Radiomic Features Based on Various Segmentation Techniques on Cervical Cancer DWI-MRI.

Cervical cancer is the most common cancer and ranked as 4th in morbidity and mortality among Malaysian women. Currently, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is considered as the gold standard imaging modality for tumours with a stage higher than IB2, due to its superiority in diagnostic assessment of tumour infiltration with excellent soft-tissue contrast. In this research, the robustness of semi-automatic segmentation has been evaluated using a flood-fill algorithm for quantitative feature extraction, using 30 diffusion weighted MRI images (DWI-MRI) of cervical cancer patients.

Impact of age and breast thickness on mean glandular dose of standard digital mammography and digital breast tomosynthesis.

This study compares the mean glandular dose (MGD) across 2D, 3D projection and Contrast-Enhanced Digital Mammography (CEDM) mammographic techniques. The important metadata were extracted from the digital mammography console. 650 subjects were clustered based on projections, age and CBT.

Superconducting Properties of YBaCuO with a Multiferroic Addition Synthesized by a Capping Agent-Aided Thermal Treatment Method.

A bulk YBaCuO (Y-123) superconductor synthesized by a thermal treatment method was added with different weight percentages ( = 0.0, 0.2, 1.

Local Diagnostic Reference Levels for Full-Field Digital Mammography and Digital Breast Tomosynthesis in a Tertiary Hospital in Malaysia.

A set of national diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) was established in Malaysia for a range of breast thicknesses in 2013, but no updates for full-field digital mammography (FFDM) and digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT). Due to the increasing number of DBTs used and concern over radiation exposure, this study aimed to explore and establish local diagnostic reference levels for FFDM and DBT in Malaysia health facilities at different compressed breast thickness (CBT) ranges. The CBT, kilovoltage peak (kVp), Entrance surface dose (ESD), and average glandular dose (AGD) were retrospectively extracted from the mammography Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) header.

Reproducibility and Repeatability of Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography (CCTA) Image Segmentation in Detecting Atherosclerosis: A Radiomics Study.

Atherosclerosis is known as the leading factor in heart disease with the highest mortality rate among the Malaysian population. Usually, the gold standard for diagnosing atherosclerosis is by using the coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) technique to look for plaque within the coronary artery. However, qualitative diagnosis for noncalcified atherosclerosis is vulnerable to false-positive diagnoses, as well as inconsistent reporting between observers.

CT Reconstruction Algorithm and Low Contrast Detectability of Phantom Study: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: For almost three decades, computed tomography (CT) has been extensively used in medical diagnosis, which led researchers to conduct linking of CT dose exposure with image quality.

Methods: In this study, a systematic review and a meta-analysis study were conducted on CT phantom for resolution study especially based on the low contrast detectability (LCD). Furthermore, the association between the CT parameter such as tube voltage and the type of reconstruction algorithm, the amount of phantom scanning affecting the image quality and the exposure dose were also investigated in this study.

Mechanical and Imaging Properties of a Clinical-Grade Kidney Phantom Based on Polydimethylsiloxane and Elastomer.

Medical imaging phantoms are considered critical in mimicking the properties of human tissue for calibration, training, surgical planning, and simulation purposes. Hence, the stability and accuracy of the imaging phantom play a significant role in diagnostic imaging. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of hydrogen silicone (HS) and water (HO) on the compression strength, radiation attenuation properties, and computed tomography (CT) number of the blended Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) samples, and to verify the best material to simulate kidney tissue.

Hyperparameter Tuning and Pipeline Optimization via Grid Search Method and Tree-Based AutoML in Breast Cancer Prediction.

Automated machine learning (AutoML) has been recognized as a powerful tool to build a system that automates the design and optimizes the model selection machine learning (ML) pipelines. In this study, we present a tree-based pipeline optimization tool (TPOT) as a method for determining ML models with significant performance and less complex breast cancer diagnostic pipelines. Some features of pre-processors and ML models are defined as expression trees and optimal gene programming (GP) pipelines, a stochastic search system.

Stability and Reproducibility of Radiomic Features Based Various Segmentation Technique on MR Images of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC).

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is considered as a complex liver disease and ranked as the eighth-highest mortality rate with a prevalence of 2.4% in Malaysia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been acknowledged for its advantages, a gold technique for diagnosing HCC, and yet the false-negative diagnosis from the examinations is inevitable.

Development of custom lead shield and strainer for targeted irradiation for mice in the gamma cell chamber.

We presented a development of a custom lead shield and mouse strainer for targeted irradiation from the gamma-cell chamber. This study was divided into two parts i.e.

Association of Physicochemical Characteristics, Aggregate Indices, Major Ions, and Trace Elements in Developing Groundwater Quality Index (GWQI) in Agricultural Area.

The aim of this study was to propose a groundwater quality index (GWQI) that presents water quality data as a single number and represents the water quality level. The development of the GWQI in agricultural areas is vital as the groundwater considered as an alternative water source for domestic purposes. The insufficiency of the groundwater quality standard in Malaysia revealed the importance of the GWQI development in determining the quality of groundwater.

Association of Radiation Doses and Cancer Risks from CT Pulmonary Angiography Examinations in Relation to Body Diameter.

In this study, we aimed to estimate the probability of cancer risk induced by CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) examinations concerning effective body diameter. One hundred patients who underwent CTPA examinations were recruited as subjects from a single institution in Kuala Lumpur. Subjects were categorized based on their effective diameter size, where 19-25, 25-28, and >28 cm categorized as Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively.

Establishment of CTPA Local Diagnostic Reference Levels with Noise Magnitude as a Quality Indicator in a Tertiary Care Hospital.

This study aimed to establish the local diagnostic reference levels (LDRLs) of computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) examinations based on body size with regard to noise magnitude as a quality indicator. The records of 127 patients (55 males and 72 females) who had undergone CTPAs using a 128-slice CT scanner were retrieved. The dose information, scanning acquisition parameters, and patient demographics were recorded in standardized forms.

Diagnostic Reference Level of Radiation Dose and Image Quality among Paediatric CT Examinations in A Tertiary Hospital in Malaysia.

Pediatrics are more vulnerable to radiation and are prone to dose compared to adults, requiring more attention to computed tomography (CT) optimization. Hence, diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) have been implemented as part of optimization process in order to monitor CT dose and diagnostic quality. The noise index has recently been endorsed to be included as a part of CT optimization in the DRLs report.

Effectiveness of Post-Mortem Computed Tomography (PMCT) in Comparison with Conventional Autopsy: A Systematic Review.

Background: With the advancement of technology, Computed Tomography (CT) scan imaging can be used to gain deeper insight into the cause of death.

Aims: The purpose of this study was to perform a systematic review of the efficacy of Post- Mortem Computed Tomography (PMCT) scan compared with the conventional autopsies gleaned from literature published in English between the year 2009 and 2016.

Methodology: A literature search was conducted on three databases, namely PubMed, MEDLINE, and Scopus.

Effect of miscentering and low-dose protocols on contrast resolution in computed tomography head examination.

Background: Unoptimized protocols, including a miscentered position, might affect the outcome of diagnostic in CT examinations. In this study, we investigate the effects of miscentering position during CT head examination on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR).

Method: We simulate the CT head examination using a water phantom with a standard protocol (120 kVp/180 mAs) and a low dose protocol (100 kVp/142 mAs).