Effects of distiller's dried grains with solubles on enteric methane emissions in dairy and beef cattle: a meta-analysis.

Introduction: Distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS), a by-product of grain fermentation for ethanol production, are extensively used in livestock feed. Given their nutrient composition, DDGS could potentially influence methane (CH) emissions, a significant greenhouse gas concern in ruminant production systems. This study utilized a multilevel random-effects meta-analysis to assess the impact of DDGS inclusion in cattle diets on CH production and yield.

Fatty Acids Composition of Pasture Grass, Yak Milk and Yak Ghee from the Four Altitudes of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: A Predictive Modelling Approach to Evaluate the Correlation among Altitude, Pasture Grass, Yak Milk and Yak Ghee.

This study investigates the effect of altitude on the fatty acid composition of pasture grass, yak milk, and yak ghee on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, aiming to understand how environmental factors influence the nutritional quality of these products. Samples were collected from four different altitudes and analyzed for fatty acid profiles using gas chromatography. The analysis reveals that higher altitudes are associated with an increased prevalence of beneficial unsaturated fatty acids, such as oleic acid (C18:1) and linoleic acid (C18:2n6c).

Systematic review on buparvaquone resistance associated with non-synonymous mutation in drug binding genes site of Theileria annulate.

Theileria annulata (T. annulata) is intra-erythrocytic protozoan parasite which is more prevalent in tropical and sub-tropical countries. It has a significant economic impact on the productivity of the dairy industry, and buparvaquone is used to treat infected animals in the prevalent regions of the world.

Consanguineous Marriages and the Perception of Wife-Beating Justification in Pakistan: An Application of Fairlie Decomposition Analysis.

Pakistan has a significant occurrence of both consanguineous marriages and intimate partner violence (IPV), which may be interlinked. The practice of consanguineous marriages could potentially influence women to rationalize and accept instances of IPV. Such attitudes perpetuate a culture of violence against women, creating difficulties for victims to reject or escape from it.

Immune modulation of goat monocytes by Fasciola gigantica Legumain-1 protein (Fg-LGMN-1).

Legumains belonging to C_13 peptidase family of proteins, and are ubiquitously disseminated among all vertebrate and invertebrate organisms, and have been implicated in innumerable biological and cellular functionality. Herein, we characterized and evaluated immunoregulatory characteristics of Legumain-1 from Fasciola gigantica (Fg-LGMN-1) during its interaction with host immune cells. The isopropyl-ß-d-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) stimulated RFg-LGMN-1 protein was positively detected by rat serum containing anti-RFg-LGMN-1 polyclonal antibodies.

Cost-benefit ratio of anthelmintic treatment and its comparative efficacy in commercial dairy farms.

Intestinal parasitic infection is one of the major challenges in obtaining optimal production and maintaining the health and welfare of all animals including cattle and buffaloes. Anti-parasitic treatments appear to be a reliable countermeasure. However, the effectiveness and selection of suitable anthelmintics require situational assessments in a given locality.

Psychological Impact of COVID-19 on Doctors and Medical Students of Punjab, Pakistan: A Logistic Regression Analysis.

Background: This study was carried out to find the awareness level, prevalence of anxiety and depression, and their associated factors among doctors and medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic in Punjab province, Pakistan.

Materials And Methods: An online questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted; data were collected regarding the demographic profile, awareness of COVID-19, anxiety symptoms using a self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), and depression symptoms using a self-rating depression scale (SDS). A total of 504 responses were obtained.

Comparison of sleep quality among COVID-19 patients and non-COVID-19 population in Pakistan: A cross sectional study during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Adverse effects on the health and well-being changes may also express as a decreased sleep quality in COVID-19 patients. This study aimed to assess sleep quality among confirmed COVID-19 patients and the non-COVID-19 Pakistani population.

Methods: An online cross-sectional survey was conducted between April and September 2020 in Punjab province, Pakistan.

Tocilizumab in severe COVID-19 - A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Background: The therapeutic effectiveness of interleukin-6 receptor inhibitor in critically ill hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is uncertain.

Methods: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the outcome as recovery or death of tocilizumab for severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, we conducted a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial in critically ill COVID-19 adult patients. The patients were randomly assigned in a 4:1 ratio to receive standard medical treatment plus the recommended dose of either tocilizumab or the placebo drug.

The utility of remdesivir in SARS-CoV-2: A single tertiary care center experience from a developing country.

Background: Remdesivir is a monophosphoramidate prodrug of an adenosine analog, and it has a broad-spectrum antiviral activity against paramyxoviruses, flaviviruses, and coronaviruses. Remdesivir is associated with decreased hospital stay and improved outcomes in coronavirus- disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Methodology: Of 846 suspected COVID-19 patients admitted to the hospital, 612 SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal RT-PCR positive patients were evaluated for enrollment in this prospective cohort study.

The interactions of flaviviruses with cellular receptors: Implications for virus entry.

Flaviviruses are a group of enveloped viruses that enter the host cells through receptor-mediated endocytosis. The entry of flaviviruses into the cells is a multi-step process which involves several host factors that trigger the uptake of the virus. The initial step in the virus life cycle is the interactions between viral envelope proteins and the specific receptors on the surface of host cell.

Effects of sodium bicarbonate and chromium propionate supplementation on growth performance, blood indices of Beetal bucks under heat stress.

The objective of the current experiment was to determine the effects of sodium bicarbonate (SBC) and chromium propionate (Cr) supplementation on dry matter intake (DMI), growth performance, blood indices, feed sorting behavior, and digestibility of nutrients during the hot and humid condition in Beetal bucks. Twenty-eight Beetal bucks were randomly assigned to four concentrates treatments (n = 7 bucks/treatment) under 2 × 2 factorial arrangements. The factors were (1) chromium supplementation, basal diet without any supplementation (C) and basal diet with Cr @ 1.

Awareness, anxiety, and depression in healthcare professionals, medical students, and general population of Pakistan during COVID-19 Pandemic: A cross sectional online survey.

COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic has seriously affected the entire world. This study was aimed to assess prevalence and influencing factors of anxiety and depression during the pandemic in our Pakistani population, including healthcare professionals, undergraduate medical students, and general public. An online cross sectional survey was conducted; with a questionnaire having demographic profile, COVID-19-related knowledge/awareness, self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), and self-rating depression scale (SDS).

Overcoming open defecation for healthier environment in case of Pakistan.

With the growing awareness of the linkage among open defecation (OD), environment, and health, it is important to understand the factors responsible for OD. It is a necessary step toward developing a strategy to end open defecation for ensuring a better environment and human health. There is no such study available for Pakistan.

Proteomic Analysis of Exosome-Like Vesicles Isolated From Saliva of the Tick .

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), are considered as vehicles of cellular communication. Parasites usually release EVs in their excretory-secretory products to modulate host environment. However, little is known about the secretion of EVs by ticks.

Inhaler Use Technique in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients: Errors, Practices and Barriers.

Background Inhaled medications are the main therapeutic treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and inhaler technique remained important that can increase medication efficacy, reducing dose and side effects. Poor inhaler technique is multi-factorial and the quality of inhaler technique has not previously assessed in Pakistan. We conducted a study to examine a range of competing factors that impact COPD patient willingness, practices, and preference in using their inhalers.

miRNA profile of extracellular vesicles isolated from saliva of Haemaphysalis longicornis tick.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a key role in host-parasite interactions. Previous studies have shown that parasites can release microRNA (miRNA) containing EVs, which can transfer their contents to host cells and regulate gene expression in recipient cells. However, a little is known about the secretion of EVs by the ticks.

Newcastle disease virus induces testicular damage and disrupts steroidogenesis in specific pathogen free roosters.

Newcastle disease (ND), which is caused by Newcastle disease virus (NDV), can cause heavy economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. It is characterised by extensive pathologies of the digestive, respiratory, and nervous systems and can cause severe damage to the reproductive system of egg-laying hens. However, it is unknown whether NDV replicates in the male reproductive system of chickens and induces any pathologies.

Phenotypic and Genotypic Comparison of a Live-Attenuated Genotype I Japanese Encephalitis Virus SD12-F120 Strain with Its Virulent Parental SD12 Strain.

The phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of a live-attenuated genotype I (GI) strain (SD12-F120) of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) were compared with its virulent parental SD12 strain to gain an insight into the genetic changes acquired during the attenuation process. SD12-F120 formed smaller plaque on BHK-21 cells and showed reduced replication in mouse brains compared with SD12. Mice inoculated with SD12-F120 via either intraperitoneal or intracerebral route showed no clinical symptoms, indicating a highly attenuated phenotype in terms of both neuroinvasiveness and neurovirulence.

The Role of Social Norm in Acceptability Attitude of Women Toward Intimate Partner Violence in Punjab, Pakistan.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a public health and human rights issue with the social and economic impacts felt by women. Punjab is a male-dominated society, where partner violence is generally accepted as a cultural norm and viewed as normal behavior within a marriage. It stems from attitudes that partner violence is a private matter and usually a justifiable response to misbehavior on the part of the wife.

Localized expression and inhibition effect of miR-184 on blood digestion and oviposition in Haemaphysalis longicornis (Acari: Ixodidae).

Background: The hard tick Haemaphysalis longicornis (Ixodidae) is widely distributed in East Asia, China, Australia and New Zealand. It can transmit many infectious pathogens, including the causative agents of human rickettsiosis, bovine theileriosis, bovine babesiosis and canine babesiosis. Therefore, a greater understanding of H.

Research progress on the composition and function of parasite-derived exosomes.

Parasites use excretory-secretory pathways to communicate with the host. Characterization of exosomes within the excretory-secretory products reveal by which parasites manipulate their hosts. Parasite derived exosomes provide a mechanistic framework for protein and miRNAs transfer.

A microRNA profile of saliva and role of miR-375 in Haemaphysalis longicornis (Ixodida: Ixodidae).

Background: Tick saliva contains many bioactive molecules that are involved in attachment to the host, blood-feeding and transmission of pathogens. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short non-coding RNAs with a length of 19-24 nucleotides. They act as regulators of gene expression by binding to their target mRNA at the post-transcriptional level and control a variety of cellular functions, including regulation of growth, metabolism and development.

Molecular Detection and Prevalence of Hepatozoon canis in Dogs from Punjab (Pakistan) and Hematological Profile of Infected Dogs.

The intraleukocytic parasite, Hepatozoon canis, causes the sometimes fatal tick borne disease canine hepatozoonosis. In this study, dogs from Islamabad, Lahore, and Multan Districts of the Punjab region of Pakistan were surveyed to investigate the presence and prevalence of H. canis infection and to determine the effects of the parasite on hematological parameters.