Hickam's Dictum Prevails: Kaposi Sarcoma and Primary Effusion Lymphoma in a Person Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Human Herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) Infection.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has a plethora of effects on its host, including increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and increased likelihood of developing HIV-associated malignancies. The combined cellular dysfunction orchestrated by co-infection with oncogenic viruses, such as human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), further amplifies the risk of malignancy in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA). We report a rare case of Kaposi sarcoma (KS) and extra cavitary primary effusion lymphoma (EPEL) in a 48-year-old woman with advanced HIV disease on antiretroviral treatment presenting with arthralgia, generalized body weakness, drenching night sweats, cavitary effusions, a violaceous rash on her left leg, as well as generalized lymphadenopathy.