Labeling of epirubicin with technetium-99m: Optimization, biodistribution and scintigraphic imaging in tumor bearing mice.

Epirubicin is an antineoplastic agent of anthracycline antibiotic, used for treating a variety of tumor types such as lymphoma, cancer of the breast, lung, ovary and stomach. The objective of this work was to demonstrate direct radiolabeling of epirubicin with Tc, quality control, biological characterization and scientigraphic evaluation in tumor bearing mice. The 99mTc-epirubicin labeling was optimized by varying the amounts of ligand 100-350μg, stannous chloride dihydride 20-50μg and pH range 2-10 by using NaOH or HCl.

Fungal Biomass Protein Production from Using Rice Polishing.

Industrially important enzymes and microbial biomass proteins have been produced from fungi for more than 50 years. High levels of crude protein as much as 45% are present in fungal biomass with balanced essential amino acids. The aim of this study was to access the potential of to produce fungal biomass protein from rice polishings.

Relationship of oxidative stress with elevated level of DNA damage and homocysteine in cardiovascular disease patients.

Amounts of DNA damage and homocysteine (Hcy) in heart patients blood may have strong function in the causation of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The main objective of this work was to know experimentally the role of total oxidants (produced by Reactive Oxygen species (ROS), clinical biochemical indices, their oxidized products and total antioxidant status (TAS) among such patients to find the association of homocysteine, total oxidation status (TOS) and oxidative DNA damage with other clinical parameters in sixty positive CVD patients compared with those of 60 normal subjects. As compared to healthy individuals, CVD patients had significantly higher concentrations of homocysteine (p<0.

Molecular cloning and comparative sequence analysis of fungal β-Xylosidases.

Commercial scale degradation of hemicelluloses into easily accessible sugar residues is practically crucial in industrial as well as biochemical processes. Xylanolytic enzymes have a great number of possible applications in many biotechnological processes and therefore, these enzymes are continuously attracting the attention of scientists. Due to this fact, different β-Xylosidases have been isolated, purified and characterized from several bacteria and fungi.

Heterologous expression of the antifungal β-chitin binding protein CBP24 from bacillus thuringiensis and its synergistic action with bacterial chitinases.

The genome sequence analysis of Bacillus thuringiensis serovar konkukian S4 has shown to contain two chitinases (Chi74, Chi39) and two chitin-binding proteins (CBP50 and CBP24). The Chi74, Chi39 and CBP50 have been characterized previously. The chitin-binding protein CBP24 was cloned and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli.

Determination of substrate specificities against β-glucosidase A (BglA) from Thermotoga maritime: a molecular docking approach.

Thermostable enzymes derived from Thermotoga maritima have attracted worldwide interest for their potential industrial applications. Structural analysis and docking studies were preformed on T. maritima β-glucosidase enzyme with cellobiose and pNP-linked substrates.

Preparation, biodistribution, and scintigraphic evaluation of (99m)Tc-clindamycin: an infection imaging agent.

Bacterial infection is found to be the cause of death throughout the world. Nuclear medicine imaging with the help of radiopharmaceuticals has great potential for treating infections. In the present work, clindamycin, a lincosamide antibiotic, was labeled with technetium-99 m (~380 MBq).

Thermodynamic properties of the β-glucosidase from Thermotoga maritima extend the upper limit of thermophilicity.

Enzymes from thermophilic organisms are believed to be strong candidates for industrial applications due to their ability to withstand temperature-induced enzyme inactivation. The present study demonstrated molecular cloning, over-expression, purification and characterization of β-glucosidase from Thermotoga maritima. The bglA gene with a capacity to encode a 51 kDa enzyme was heterologously expressed in E.

Solid State Fermentation of a Raw Starch Digesting Alkaline Alpha-Amylase from Bacillus licheniformis RT7PE1 and Its Characteristics.

The thermodynamic and kinetic properties of solids state raw starch digesting alpha amylase from newly isolated Bacillus licheniformis RT7PE1 strain were studied. The kinetic values Q p , Y p/s , Y p/X , and q p were proved to be best with 15% wheat bran. The molecular weight of purified enzyme was 112 kDa.

Kinetics and thermodynamics of ethanol production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae MLD10 using molasses.

In this study, we have used ultraviolet (UV) and γ-ray induction to get a catabolite repression resistant and thermotolerant mutant with enhanced ethanol production along with optimization of sugar concentration and temperature of fermentation. Classical mutagenesis in two consecutive cycles of UV- and γ-ray-induced mutations evolved one best catabolite-resistant and thermotolerant mutant Saccharomyces cerevisiae MLD10 which showed improved ethanol yield (0.48 ± 0.

Kinetic and thermodynamic characterization of lysine production process in Brevibacterium lactofermentum.

Detailed kinetic and thermodynamic parameters for lysine production from Brevibacterium lactofermentum are investigated for the first time in this study. Production of the essential amino acid, L-lysine, by B. lactofermentum was assessed in a flask and a continuously stirred tank fermentor (22 L).

Characterization of a thermostable and alkaline xylanase from Bacillus sp. and its bleaching impact on wheat straw pulp.

Delignification efficacy of xylanases to facilitate the consequent chemical bleaching of Kraft pulps has been studied widely. In this work, an alkaline and thermally stable cellulase-less xylanase, derived from a xylanolytic Bacillus subtilis, has been purified by a combination of gel filtration and Q-Sepharose chromatography to its homogeneity. Molecular weight of the purified xylanase was 61 kDa by SDS-PAGE.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide functionalized cationic silver nanoparticles for enhanced antimicrobial activity.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB), a broad spectrum disinfectant against many pathogens, was used as a stabilizing ligand for the synthesis of fairly uniform silver nanoparticles. The particles formed were characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy, FTIR, dynamic light scattering, electrophoretic mobility, and TEM to measure their morphology and surface chemistry. PHMB-functionalized silver nanoparticles were then evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against a gram-negative bacterial strain, Escherichia coli.

Oxidative stress elevated DNA damage and homocysteine level in normal pregnant women in a segment of Pakistani population.

Maternal oxidative stress during pregnancy may impair fetal growth and help in the development of diseases in adulthood. The aim of current study was to assess total oxidation status (TOS), related parameters and their relationship to DNA damage (%) and homocysteine level in normal pregnant women in low-income participants. In a cross-sectional study healthy women were grouped as normal, while age matched nulliparous and singleton pregnancies were included for first, second and third trimester groups.

Heterologous expression of a gene for thermostable xylanase from Chaetomium thermophilum in Pichia pastoris GS115.

We studied heterologous expression of xylanase 11A gene of Chaetomium thermophilum in Pichia pastoris and characterized the thermostable nature of the purified gene product. For this purpose, the xylanase 11A gene of C. thermophilum was cloned in P.

Plasma homocysteine and DNA damage profiles in normal and obese subjects in the Pakistani population.

Dependence of plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) and DNA damage profiles on melanodialdehyde (MDA), oxidative stress, liver function tests (LFT), and lipids was studied in non-obese and obese subjects in the Pakistani population. Development of obesity is influenced by both genetic, biochemical and environmental factors. Plasma homocysteine (Hcy) and DNA damage profiles play a pivotal role in its progression.

Optimized expression of a thermostable xylanase 11 A gene from Chaetomium thermophilum NIBGE 1 in Escherichia coli.

The xylanase (Xyn11A) gene (883 bp) was amplified using C. thermophilum DNA as template and cloned into pET-32a (+) and expressed in E. coli BL21 under T(7) promoter.

Kinetics of high-Level of ß-glucosidase production by a 2-deoxyglucose-resistant mutant of Humicola lanuginosa in submerged fermentation.

A 2-deoxyglucose-resistant mutant (M7) of Humicola lanuginosa was obtained by exposing conidia to γ-rays and permitting expression in broth containing 0.6% 2-deoxyglucose (DG) and cellobiose (1%) before plating on DG esculin-ferric ammonium citrate agar medium from which colonies showing faster and bigger blackening zones were selected. Kinetic parameters for enhanced ß-glucosidase (BGL) synthesis by M7 were achieved when corncobs acted as the carbon source.

Production, purification and characterization of beta-1,4-endoglucanase from a novel bacterial strain CTP-09 of a Bacillus sp.

Bacillus strain CTP-09 yielded maximum productivity (1120 IU/L.h) of extracellular endoglucanase (CMCase) on 0.5% cellobiose after 10 h fermentation at 55 degrees C.

Thermal Characterization of Purified Glucose Oxidase from A Newly Isolated Aspergillus Niger UAF-1.

An intracellular glucose oxidase was isolated from the mycelium extract of a locally isolated strain of Aspergillus niger UAF-1. The enzyme was purified to a yield of 28.43% and specific activity of 135 U mg(-1) through ammonium sulfate precipitation, anion exchange and gel filtration chromatography.

A surface immobilization method of endoglucanase from Cellulomonas biazotea mutant improved catalytic properties of biocatalyst during processing.

Purified endoglucanase from C. biazotea mutant 51SM(r) was successfully immobilized on Eudragit L-100, with 75 % yield of immobilization. This method improved the kinetic and thermodynamic properties of the enzyme.

Kinetic and thermodynamic properties of an immobilized glucoamylase from a mesophilic fungus, Arachniotus citrinus.

Purified glucoamylase from Arachniotus citrinus was immobilized on polyacrylamide gel with 70% yield of immobilization. The immobilization improved the pH optima, temperature optima, values of K(m), V(max), and activation energy. Irreversible thermal denaturation studies of soluble and immobilized glucoamylase indicated that immobilization decreased the entropy and enthalpy of deactivation by magnitudes and made the immobilized glucoamylase thermodynamically more stable.

Purification, and properties of a bovine uricase.

Uricase from bovine kidney, purified to homogeneity level, had a molecular weight of 70 kDa. The apparent K(m) and V(max) values for uric acid hydrolysis were 0.125 mM and 102 IU mg(-1) protein respectively.

Double mutant of Aspergillus oryzae for improved production of L-dopa (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-L-alanine) from L-tyrosine.

Aspergillus oryzae mutant strain UV-7 was further improved for the production of L-dopa from L-tyrosine using chemical mutation. Different putative mutant strains of the organism were tested for the production of L-dopa in triplicate shake-flask cultures. Among these putative mutants, the strain designated SI-12 gave a maximal production of L-dopa (444+/-14 mg of L-dopa/g of cells).

Innovative kinetic and thermodynamic analysis of a purified superactive xylanase from Scopulariopsis sp.

Two isoenzymes of endo-1,4-beta-xylanase (EC 3.2.1.