Hepatocellular carcinoma national burden across different geographical regions in the United States between 2001 and 2020.

Background: While prior data showed an increasing incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the United States, there are limited comprehensive and comparative data on the geographical variations of HCC trends in different demographic-specific populations.

Aim: To evaluate sex and age-specific incidence rates and time trends in different geographical regions in the United States.

Methods: Age-adjusted HCC incidence rates were collected from the United States Cancer Statistics (USCS) database which covers approximately 98% of the population in the United States.

Non-Resolving Perihepatic Abscess Following Spilled Gallstones Requiring Surgical Management.

Introduction: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is the treatment of choice for symptomatic cholelithiasis and is among the most frequently done procedures in United States. Spillage of gallstones occurs in up to 30 percent of these procedures and is associated with rare but important complications including abscess formation.

Case Description: We present a case of 44-year-old man with a peri-hepatic abscess developed three years after a laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Sex and the streets: the open secret of sexual abuse among Pakistan's two million street children.

Background: About two million children live on the streets in Pakistan. Their complicated past and dire living conditions make them susceptible to many psychological and physical problems, including sexual abuse.

Main Body: With little research on the topic, the prevalence of sexual intercourse among street children is reported to be as high as 88% in Pakistan.

Mucormycosis in a patient with COVID-19 with uncontrolled diabetes.

A wide range of bacterial and fungal coinfections may be associated with COVID-19. We report a case of rhino-orbital mucormycosis in a patient with COVID-19. A 67-year-old man, known case of diabetes, hypertension and ischaemic heart disease, was being treated for COVID-19 pneumonia when he developed right cheek eschar and ophthalmoplegia.

Detection of cervical spine trauma: Are 3-dimensional reconstructed images as accurate as multiplanar computer tomography?

Introduction: This study was conducted to assess the diagnostic accuracy of three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) in detection of cervical spine injuries in symptomatic post-trauma patients using multiplanar computed tomography (MP-CT) as reference standard.

Approach: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Aga Khan University from July 2016 to January 2017. Patients were included using a non-probability, consecutive sampling.

Glomuvenous Malformation of the Neck.

The cells in glomus body regulate blood flow to the skin and play a role in temperature regulation. Glomuvenous malformations (GVMs), previously reported in literature as glomus tumors or glomangiomas, are usually present in the nail bed. In 1972, Carroll and Berman described the triad of paroxysmal stabbing pain, point tenderness, and cold hypersensitivity associated with these malformations.

Challenges of training and delivery of pediatric surgical services in developing economies: a perspective from Pakistan.

Background: As the pediatric population requiring health services rises globally, developing countries are struggling to cater to the growing burden of non-communicable diseases - particularly those requiring specialized surgical care.

Main Body: Despite the literature supporting specialized pediatric surgical care, the developing world is far from meeting the American Pediatric Surgical Association (APSA) Manpower taskforce recommendation of at least 1 qualified pediatric surgeon per 100,000 patients (0-15 years-old). In Pakistan, there is an unmet surgical need in the pediatric population due to a multitude of short shortcomings, notably in quality and quantity of the training programs on offer, and urgent short- and long-term steps are needed to improve this dire situation.