Renal Cell Carcinoma of Pelvic Kidney with Atypical Nodal Metastasis: A Diagnostic Challenge.

Ectopic pelvic kidney is a known congenital anomaly; however, the presence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in an ectopic kidney is rare with the evidence available in the form of a few case reports only. In this case report, we present a case of metastatic RCC in the pelvic kidney which became a diagnostic challenge because of atypical contrast-enhanced computed tomographic (CT) characteristics and unusual pattern of lymph node involvement including cervical lymph node in the absence of visceral metastasis. Because of its unusual location and uncertain vascular anatomy, ectopic kidney poses a surgical challenge.

Validation of S.T.O.N.E nephrolithometry and Guy's stone score for predicting surgical outcome after percutaneous nephrolithotomy.

Background: The aim of this study was to validate and compare Guy's and S.T.O.

Comparison Of Recurrence Rate Between "EN BLOC" Resection Of Bladder Tumour And Conventional Technique For Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer.

Background: Conventional transurethral resection of urinary bladder tumour (TURBT) using a wire loop diathermy violates the basic principle of oncological surgery, i.e. dissection through normal tissue.

Snail Fever of the Bladder in a Non-endemic Area.

Schistosomiasis is rarely seen in Pakistan and is generally not very high on the list of differential diagnoses. However, it is an important cause of haematuria in certain endemic areas. It can affect multiple organs including the bladder, liver and lungs.

Assessing clinical reasoning skills using Script Concordance Test (SCT) and extended matching questions (EMQs): A pilot for urology trainees.

Introduction: Clinical reasoning skill is the core of medical competence. Commonly used assessment methods for medical competence have limited ability to evaluate critical thinking and reasoning skills. Script Concordance Test (SCT) and Extended Matching Questions (EMQs) are the evolving tests which are considered to be valid and reliable tools for assessing clinical reasoning and judgment.

Effect of a two-day extensive continuing medical education course on participants' knowledge of clinical and operative urology.

Objective: Continuing Medical Education (CME) is an established method for facilitating the lifelong learning and developing knowledge, skills and attitudes to ensure delivery of a medical care which is up-to-date, evidence based, safe and patient-centered. An extensive 2 day urology course was conducted to meet the needs of learners. The purpose of the current study was to measure the effect of this CME activity on the knowledge of the participants.

Role of multi-parametric (mp) MRI in prostate cancer.

Multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging is increasingly being recommended as standard imaging modality for prostate cancer diagnosis and staging. It comprises structural T2 and T1 sequences supplemented by functional imaging techniques, i.e.

Frequency and predictors of recurrence of bladder tumour on first check cystoscopy - a tertiary care hospital experience.

Objective: To determine the frequency and predictors of non-muscle invasive bladder tumour recurrence on first-check cystoscopy after transurethral resection of bladder tumour.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from April to November 2014, and comprised patients with a suspected newly-diagnosed urothelial cancer. Patients with non-muscle invasive disease with complete resection of all visible lesions along with deep biopsy from the tumour base were included.

"Looks Can Be Deceiving": Adrenal Teratoma Causing Diagnostic Difficulty.

Teratomas are unusual tumours that derived from totipotent cells with their origin from more than one or usually all three germ cells. Here authors are presenting a case of primary retroperitoneal tumour that is a rare clinical entity. A 19-year-old male presented with right lumbar pain and was found to have complex cyst with large calcification in right adrenal gland on imaging.

Predictors of lymph node involvement in bladder cancer treated with radical cystectomy.

Objective: To identify the clinical variables associated with prevalence of lymph node metastasis in patients with bladder cancer treated by radical cystectomy and lymphadenectomy for primary bladder cancer.

Methods: Review of records of Ninety-five patients who underwent radical cystectomy and pelvic lymph node (LN) dissection during the period of 1995-2008 from a prospectively maintained database. Eighteen patients were excluded due to lack of data on the nodal status, leaving 77 evaluable patients.