Updates in Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery for General Surgeons.

Significant improvement and development have occurred in minimally invasive cardiac surgery over the past 20 years. Although most studies have consistently demonstrated equivalent or improved outcomes compared with conventional cardiac surgery, with significantly shorter recovery times, adoption continues to be limited. In addition, cost data have been inconsistent.

Augmentation of anti-platelet effects of aspirin.

Objective: To establish the anti-platelet or aspirin like effects of flavonoid rich food (chocolate).

Methods: This was a non-randomized quasi experimental study in which, 65 healthy adult volunteers, 27 males and 38 females, participated. The subjects included were healthy, non-smoking adults.

Cystic fibrosis in a child with situs inversus, a distinctively unusual association.

Cystic fibrosis is the most frequently witnessed potentially lethal autosomal recessive, genetic disease but its incidence is extremely low in South-Asian population. We report a case Cystic Fibrosis in a patient with Situs inversus, a condition not witnessed in medical literature of Pakistan or more captivatingly even Asia. The patient was a three and half years old male child presenting with a history of fever, cough and jaundice.