Synergistic effects of herpes oncolytic virus and cyclophosphamide for recurrent malignant glioma: a narrative review.

Gliomas, comprising nearly 80% of brain malignancies, present a formidable challenge with glioblastomas being the most aggressive subtype. Despite multidisciplinary care, including surgery and chemoradiotherapy, the prognosis remains grim, emphasizing the need for innovative treatment strategies. The blood-brain barrier complicates drug access, and the diverse histopathology hinders targeted therapies.

Neurosurgical Malpractice Litigation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Neurosurgery has 1 of the highest risks for medical malpractice claims. We reviewed the factors associated with neurosurgical malpractice claims and litigation in the United States and reported the outcomes through a systematic review of the literature.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review of the literature according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines using the Medline, Embase, Cochrane, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases.

Role of deep brain stimulation (DBS) in addiction disorders.

Background: Addiction disorders pose significant challenges to public health, necessitating innovative treatments. This assesses deep brain stimulation (DBS) as a potential intervention for addiction disorders.

Methods: A literature review was carried out with a focus on the role of DBS in addiction disorders and its future implications in neurosurgical research.

Comparative analysis of exoscope-assisted spine surgery versus operating microscope: A systematic review.

Background: Limitations in the operative microscope (OM)'s mobility and suboptimal ergonomics created the opportunity for the development of the exoscope. This systematic review aims to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of exoscopes and OMs in spine surgery.

Methods: Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic search was conducted in the major research databases.

A dilemma of patients: poor quality administration of tertiary care hospitals: a cross-sectional study.

Introduction: The study focuses on healthcare delivery standards in Pakistan's tertiary care hospitals. Poor accountability and a lack of financial and human resources are the main contributing factors to a hospital's substandard performance and low patient satisfaction rates. Feedback surveillance forms are the Achilles tendon in the quality improvement of a facility, and this practice is, unfortunately, not widely practiced in the hospitals of Pakistan.

Re-emergence of Lassa fever in Nigeria: A new challenge for public health authorities.

The Lassa virus is an RNA virus belonging to the family. It is responsible for Lassa fever, an acute viral zoonosis of the severe hemorrhagic fever type with manifestations of fever, muscle pain, sore throat, nausea, vomiting, and chest and abdominal pain. Lassa fever is endemic in West Africa, where the first case was reported in 1969 in Lassa, a town in Nigeria, more than 50 years ago, and it is estimated that nearly 5000 deaths occur in West Africa each year.

The future of artificial intelligence in neurosurgery: A narrative review.

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) algorithms are on the tremendous rise for being incorporated into the field of neurosurgery. AI and ML algorithms are different from other technological advances as giving the capability for the computer to learn, reason, and problem-solving skills that a human inherits. This review summarizes the current use of AI in neurosurgery, the challenges that need to be addressed, and what the future holds.

Elusive tuberculous meningitis with rare neurological complication of longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis: a case report.

Introduction: Longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM) is inflammation of the spinal cord that spans three or more spinal segments. LETM is a rare occurrence on its own and has seldom been reported with tuberculous meningitis (TBM), the rarest and deadliest of tuberculous manifestations. TBM is usually seen in children, the immunocompromised, or those with a previous history of tuberculosis infection.

Role of preoperative erythropoietin in the optimization of preoperative anemia among surgical patients - A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Preoperative anemia is a common finding. Preoperative allogeneic transfusion, iron therapy, vitamin supplementation and erythropoietin therapy are the current management strategies for preoperative anemia. Previous reviews regarding erythropoietin were limited to specialties, provided little evidence regarding the benefits and risks of erythropoietin in managing preoperative anemia and included non-anemic patients.

In vitro inhibitory analysis of consensus siRNAs against NS3 gene of hepatitis C virus 1a genotype.

Objective: To explore inhibitory effects of genome-specific, chemically synthesized siRNAs (small interference RNA) against NS3 gene of hepatitis C virus (HCV) 1a genotype in stable Huh-7 (human hepatoma) cells as well as against viral replication in serum-inoculated Huh-7 cells.

Methods: Stable Huh-7 cells persistently expressing NS3 gene were produced under antibiotic gentamycin (G418) selection. The cell clones resistant to 1000 μg antibiotic concentration (G418) were picked as stable cell clones.

Real-world challenges for hepatitis C virus medications: a critical overview.

From 2010, the landscape of hepatitis C therapeutics has been changed rapidly, and today we are standing at a cusp of a pharmacological revolution where highly effective and interferon (IFN)-free direct acting antivirals (DAAs) are already on the market. Such treatment paradigms attain 90-95% sustained virologic response (SVR; undetectable viral load at week 12 or 24 at the end of therapy) rates in treated individuals compared to 50-70% with treatment completion of dual-therapy-pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) and ribavirin (RBV). As the major goal now for the hepatologists, clinicians, physicians, and health care workers is likely to eradicate hepatitis C infection in parallel to treatment, the demand is for a one-size-fits-all pill that could be prescribed beyond the limitations of hepatitis C genotype, viral load, previous treatment history, advanced hepatic manifestations (fibrosis, cirrhosis) and antiviral drug resistance.

Hepatitis C virus infection treatment: An era of game changer direct acting antivirals and novel treatment strategies.

Chronic hepatitis C virus infection and associated liver diseases represent a major health care burden all over the world. The current standard of care, i.e.

Assessment methods for angiogenesis and current approaches for its quantification.

Angiogenesis is a physiological process which describes the development of new blood vessels from the existing vessels. It is a common and the most important process in the formation and development of blood vessels, so it is supportive in the healing of wounds and granulation of tissues. The different assays for the evaluation of angiogenesis have been described with distinct advantages and some limitations.