Publications by authors named "Muhammad Atif"

Secondary biotransformation of 11β-hydroxy-dianabol (11β,17β-dihydroxy-17α-methylandrost-1,4-dien-3-one) (1), catalyzed by using two fungi Gibberella fujikuroi and Cunninghamella blakesleeana at ambient conditions, was carried out to synthesize its analogues. Transformation of compound 1 with G. fujikuroi yielded a new metabolite, 11β, 17β-dihydroxy-17α-methyl-5β-androst-1-ene-3-one (2), while four new derivatives, 6β, 17β-dihydroxy-17α-methylandrost-1,4-diene-3,11-dione (3), 15α,17β-dihydroxy-17α-methylandrost-1,4-diene-3,11-dione (4), 6β,11β,17β-trihydroxy-17α-methylandrost-1,4-dien-3-one (5), and 7β,11β,17β-trihydroxy-17α-methylandrost-1,4-dien-3-one (6) were obtained by transformation with C.

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Article Synopsis
  • The review analyzes the effectiveness of new antiemetic medications versus traditional ones for preventing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in patients undergoing moderate or highly emetogenic chemotherapy.
  • It finds that novel agents like netupitant/palonosetron and olanzapine are at least as effective, if not better, than standard antiemetic treatments that use aprepitant and other agents.
  • The study calls for more direct comparisons and larger trials to further understand the benefits of these new therapies in everyday clinical practice.
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Resistance to current antimalarial drugs is steadily increasing, and new drugs are required. Drug efficacy trials remain the gold standard to assess the effectiveness of a given drug. The World Health Organization (WHO)'s recommendation for the optimal duration of follow-up for assessing antimalarial efficacy is a minimum of 28 days.

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A large amount of marble powder is abundantly available as a byproduct and waste in the marble industry, and its reinforcement has been attempted in several applications through surface modification. This article examines the use of MP in the production of rubber, paper, foam stabilizers, asphalt, paint, textiles, and adhesives. This article aims to provide a foundation for the surface modification of MP to enhance its properties and broaden its range of applications.

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Lead (Pb) is known to be extremely toxic to plants and awfully affects growth and productivity by interacting with morphological, biochemical, and physiological processes. Micronutrients are considered to reduce ion toxicity and modify various physiological processes involved in oxidative stress tolerance in plants. Hence, the limited literature about the application of micronutrients, particularly manganese (Mn), under lead stress thus demands more investigations.

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Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are promising alternatives to traditional antibiotics for treating skin wound infections. Nonetheless, their short half-life in biological environments restricts clinical applicability. Covalent immobilization of AMPs onto suitable substrates offers a comprehensive solution, creating contact-killing surfaces with long-term functionality.

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Aberrant fucosylation is the hallmark of malignant cell transformation, leading to many cellular events, such as uncontrolled cell proliferation, angiogenesis, tumor cell invasion, and metastasis. This increased fucosylation is caused due to the over-expression of fucosyltransferases (FUTs) that catalyzes the transfer of the fucose (Fuc) residue from GDP-fucose (donor substrate) to various oligosaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids (acceptor substrates). Hence, fucosyltransferases (FUTs) are considered as validated target for the drug discovery against on cancers.

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Aromatase inhibitors are among the most effective treatment of the breast cancer. Aromatase catalyzes estrogen biosynthesis, which is a long-term cause of breast cancer. Current study describes the synthesis, purification of 26 new fluorinated and non-fluorinated thiourea derivatives of desloratadine (5), and their aromatase inhibition activity, cytotoxicity against cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231).

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Article Synopsis
  • Low temperatures and high humidity during winter significantly hinder chlorophyll biosynthesis in cucumber seedlings, impacting plant growth adversely.
  • Individual and combined stress conditions markedly reduce chlorophyll and carotenoid levels, with the most severe effects seen under simultaneous low temperature and high humidity.
  • The study reveals that the combination of these stressors alters enzyme activities and gene expression related to chlorophyll production, leading to oxidative damage in the plants.
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This research presents a novel approach for the detection of the pesticide chlorpyrifos (CLP) using a gold working electrode immobilized with a graphene oxide-cerium oxide (GO-CeO) nanocomposite in a phosphate buffer (PBS) solution with a pH of 7.0. Graphene oxide (GO) was synthesized a modified Hummer's method, while cerium oxide (CeO) nanoparticles were prepared using a coprecipitation technique.

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As per the World Health Organization (WHO), antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a natural phenomenon whereby microbes develop or acquire genes that render them resistant. The rapid emergence and spread of this phenomenon can be attributed to human activity specifically, the improper and excessive use of antimicrobials for the treatment, prevention, or control of infections in humans, animals, and plants. As a result of this factor, many antibiotics have reduced effectiveness against microbes or may not work fully.

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Pressmud compost is an organic soil amendment and a robust technology that has potential to restore toxic metals (TMs) polluted soil. The application of organic amendments including pressmud compost in soil for toxic metals (TMs) alleviation have gained considerable attention as compared to traditional methods among the scientific community. In this review paper, we summarized the literature aiming to understand the immobilization efficacy of TMs such as cadmium, lead, chromium, copper, nickel, iron, zinc, and manganese, underlying mechanisms, plant growth, essential nutrients and soil health under pot, field and incubation conditions which has not been well investigated up-to-date.

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  • - Euthyroid sick syndrome (ESS) is a condition where thyroid hormone levels are abnormal despite normal thyroid function, often seen in critically ill patients, leading to low triiodothyronine levels and sometimes other hormone imbalances.
  • - Myxedema coma (MC) is a serious and rare emergency resulting from severe hypothyroidism, causing multiorgan failure and may happen after significant stress or poor management of hypothyroidism, despite being infrequently linked with ESS.
  • - The case study involves a 36-year-old woman who, after developing septic shock and being treated in the ICU, experienced both ESS and signs of MC, highlighting the complexities and challenges in diagnosing and managing these overlapping conditions.
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Adenosine is a neuro- and immunomodulator that functions via G protein-coupled cell surface receptors. Several microbes, including viruses, use the adenosine signaling pathway to escape from host defense systems. Since the recent research developments in its role in health and disease, adenosine and its signaling pathway have attracted attention for targeting to treat many diseases.

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Objectives: In Pakistan, the degradation of drinking water quality is exacerbated by the increasing population size and rapid industrialization. Contaminated water serves as the predominant source of numerous diseases, including diarrhea, gastroenteritis, and typhoid. This article explores the evolution of waterborne diseases across 21 districts of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province in Pakistan by monitoring changes in the clustering solutions.

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Background: The global spread of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) poses a significant concern. Acquisition of antimicrobial resistance genes leads to resistance against several antibiotics, limiting treatment options. We aimed to study ESBL-producing and CRE transmission in clinical settings.

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Exposure to chromium (Cr) on farmlands drastically restricts the growth and productivity of cereal crops, including wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Utilizing micronutrients, the seed-priming strategy is crucial to preventing the adverse consequences of Cr-stress.

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Background: Due to multitude of gaps in Pakistan's healthcare system, community pharmacies serve as the" first port of call" for various illnesses. However, the present scarcity of pharmacists in these settings poses significant challenges to healthcare delivery in the country. This scarcity is primarily due to difficulties in retaining pharmacists for community practice.

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Background: Early detection, monitoring, and managing adverse events (AEs) are crucial in optimising treatment for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patients.

Objectives: To investigate the incidence, factors, management, and impact of AEs on treatment outcomes in MDR-TB patients.

Methods: This study reviewed the medical records of 275 MDR-TB patients at Fatimah Jinnah Institute of Chest Diseases in Quetta, Pakistan.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study examines how women's participation in the workforce influences their fertility choices, highlighting a shift from traditional caregiver roles to economic independence.
  • Researchers surveyed 408 women aged 15 to 49, comparing those who are working with those who are not to analyze fertility patterns and outcomes.
  • Findings show that working women typically have fewer children than non-working women, and the impact of employment on fertility is influenced by various factors like social norms, reproductive rights, and workplace policies.
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The clustering analysis approach treats multivariate data tuples as objects and groups them into clusters based on their similarities or dissimilarities within the dataset. However, in modern world, a significant volume of data is continuously generated from diverse sources over time. In these dynamic scenarios, the data is not static but continually evolves.

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Unlabelled: The foliar application of gibberellins (GA), neem leaf extract (NLE) and serine can be proven as effective growth regulating agents to counter drought stress-related deleterious effects. The literature about the collaborative role of these substances in foliar spray application under drought stress is not available to this date. No single report is available in literature on combine foliar application of GA, NLE, and serine in improving wheat growth and yield under drought-triggered oxidative stress.

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In search of materials with superior capability of light-to-heat (photothermal) conversion, biocompatibility, and confinement of active photothermal materials within the cells, novel magnetic MXene-based nanocomposites are found to possess all of these criteria. The CoF@TiC composite is fabricated by a simple two-step method, including an exfoliation strategy followed by sonochemical method. MXene composite has been modified with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) to improve the stability in physiological conditions.

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Objective: To explore the determinants that innervate or avert the parents to use antibiotics responsibly for their children in Bahawalpur, Pakistan. Further, to assess the cognizance of Pakistani parents about antibiotic resistance.

Methods: The Health Belief Model (HBM) was utilized to design this study.

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