Development and in vitro tuning of empagliflozin-containing dissolvable microneedle patch for enhanced transdermal delivery.

This painless method allows drugs to penetrate the outer skin layer, offering several advantages over alternative administration routes, including ease of use and the ability to bypass enterohepatic circulation. Among transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS), microneedle patches (MNPs) are emerging as an innovative approach for minimally invasive drug delivery, enhancing the skin permeation of substances ranging from macro to micro sizes. This study explores dissolvable microneedle patches (dMNPs) as a novel method to improve the systemic delivery of empagliflozin, an SGLT-2 inhibitor, commonly used to manage type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Associations of perceived neighbourhood and home environments with sedentary behaviour among adolescents in 14 countries: the IPEN adolescent cross sectional observational study.

Background: Understanding environmental correlates of sedentary behaviour (SB) among young people is important as such data can identify approaches to limit sedentary time. This paper estimates associations of parent-reported neighbourhood and adolescent-reported home environments with SB among adolescents aged 11-19 years from 14 countries.

Methods: In the International Physical activity and the Environment Network (IPEN) Adolescent Study (an observational, cross-sectional multi-country study), adolescents wore a triaxial accelerometer for seven days that assessed sedentary time (ST).

Synergistic anticancer effects of interleukin-21 combined with therapeutic peptides in multiple cancer cells.

Background: Interleukin-21 (IL-21) is a cytokine produced by various cell types, including T cells, natural killer cells, myeloid cells, and B cells, and has a broad range of potential applications in cancer therapy. To improve the therapeutic index, we explored the use of fusion technologies that involved linking other anticancer peptides to the IL-21 gene using specific linkers.

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the anticancer potential of IL-21 and IL-21 fusion proteins.

Chemically modified filter paper with Jaman fruit extract for visual sensing of milk freshness.

Developing a non-toxic, cost-effective, and user-friendly indicator for detecting milk freshness and spoilage, with potential applications in smart packaging, presents a significant challenge. In this study, we extracted natural anthocyanins (ACNs) from Jaman (Syzgium cumini) and incorporated it in to filter paper. The presence of ACNs in the extract was confirmed through UPLC-MS/MS analysis.

Unlocking the effect of film thickness on the thermoelectric properties of thermally evaporated Cu Se thin films.

Miniaturization is crucial to realize thermoelectric (TE) devices as an energy source for smart utilities. The present work reports the bulk-like value realized in Cu Se thin films in the mid-temperature range. The effect of varying the film thickness on the structural and TE properties were systematically studied, and the obtained results were compared with that of their bulk counterpart.

Active restoration efforts drive community succession and assembly in a desert during the past 53 years.

Regreening efforts in deserts have been implemented globally to combat land degradation and desert expansion, but how they affect above- and belowground community succession and assembly processes remains unknown. Here, we examined variations in plant and soil microbial community attributes along a 53-year restoration chronosequence following the establishment of straw checkerboard barriers (SCBs) in the Tengger Desert of China. This approach is a combination of fixing shifting sand and adding organic material (straw) simultaneously to expedite vegetation restoration by enhancing the success of plant establishment.

Pain in the upper back is prevailing more than pain in the lower back amongst workers of building construction; a cohort study.

Construction is hazardous for workers' health. This study identifies the prevalence of spinal pain vis-à-vis associated occupational and socioeconomic factors, amongst 600 workers (from 20 construction sites, occupied at 7 work stages). We extracted data from the Nordic-Musculoskeletal-Disorders-Questionnaire and analysed in association with personal and occupational traits, using R-language.

Exploration of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in gastric cancer patients through next generation sequencing: implications for diagnosis and therapy.

Objectives: The study aims to characterize BRCA1/2 mutations in Pakistani gastric cancer (GC) patients, identifying unique pathogenic variants and evaluating their potential as diagnostic biomarkers, while also exploring therapeutic avenues for personalized treatment strategies.

Methodology: In this study, we investigated the role of Breast Cancer gene 1 (BRCA1) and Breast Cancer gene 2 (BRCA2) mutations in Pakistani GC patients and their functional implications using Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS).

Results: Through NGS, we identified a total of 19 mutations in BRCA1 and 11 mutations in BRCA2, all with high mutation quality scores.

In vitro pharmacological evaluation of Methanolic leaf extract of for antifungal and anti-breast cancer activities.

Background: Medicinal plants remained the primary choice worldwide from several centuries due to many therapeutic effects in the management of infectious and non-infectious diseases. Therefore, exploration of new medicinalplants as a green medicine has the major concern of many research groups. Microbial infections and different types of cancers in human are among the common health problems both in developing as well as in developed countries.

Pharmacokinetic profile of novel multi-layer stable effervescent tablet: a cross-over study with an established European brand in healthy young male adults.

Effervescent formulation helps in faster and better absorption of drugs, especially those that are rapidly soluble in water. However, these tablets require special packaging in order to prevent them from absorbing moisture, hence increasing cost. We compared an effervescent tablet prepared using an in-house developed method (multi-layer tablet with acid and base part separated by an inert layer) to a European effervescent tablet (Efferalgan®) in a single-center, randomized cross-over study among twelve healthy volunteers.

Recombinant expression, downstream optimization, and therapeutic evaluation of recombinant human interleukin-37 for cancer therapy.

Interleukin-37 is a cytokine with potent immunosuppressive properties that has been shown to have potential to treat autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases, as well as certain types of cancer. IL-37 is a 19 kDa protein which interacts with proteins in receptor-dependent and receptor-independent pathways. The expression of the IL-37 protein cloned into the pET-28a vector was optimized in Rosetta 2(DE3) after comparing its expression with Rosetta-gami 2(DE3) and Rosetta 2(DE3) pLysS, which was then used for the large-scale production of IL-37.

Surface modification of surgical suture by chitosan-based biocompatible hybrid coatings: In-vitro anti-corrosion, antibacterial, and in-vivo wound healing studies.

This work aims to develop chitosan-based biocompatible hybrid coatings on synthetic surgical sutured by direct current electrophoretic deposition (DC-EPD) method. The chitosan (CS), curcumin (CR), aloe-vera (AV), and 2-aminothiazolidin-4-one-5-ethanoic acid (AT) were used as suspensions of varying combinations and compositions (A-I). Each suspension has a further 05 samples (Aa-Ae-Ia-Ie) at selected DC-EPD set parameters (2-10 V, t; 240 s, D; 1 cm).

studies, synthesis, characterization and studies of levosulpiride derivatives.

Breast cancer is the most recurring cancer among females and is being diagnosed as a major cause of death among women. Levosulpiride Schiff base derivatives were synthesized and analyzed by physical and spectral (FTIR, H-NMR, C-NMR) analysis. MTT assay against MCF-7 (human breast cancer cell line), scavenging activity and Molecular docking against receptors 1M17, 3PP0, 3IOK and 4KIK along ADME pharmacokinetic studies were performed.

Assessment of sleep quality, fatigue and its association with occupational injuries among shift workers in an electronic industrial environment.

This study explores the association between sleep quality, cumulative fatigue and occupational injuries among shift workers in Pakistan's manufacturing industries. . The study surveyed 200 shift workers using a self-administered questionnaire.

Atmospheric Degradation Mechanism of Isoamyl Acetate Initiated by OH Radicals and Cl Atoms Revealed by Quantum Chemical Calculations and Kinetic Modeling.

Isoamyl acetate is one of the volatile organic compound class molecules relevant to agricultural and industrial applications. With the growing interest in isoamyl acetate applications in industry, the atmospheric fate of isoamyl acetate must be considered. Reaction mechanisms, potential energy profiles, and rate constants of isoamyl acetate reaction with atmospheric relevant oxidant OH radicals and Cl atoms have been obtained from the quantum chemical calculations and kinetic modeling.