Is Early Childhood Development Care at Public Health Facilities in Pakistan Effective? A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Significant brain development in children occurs from birth to 2 years, with environment playing an important role. Stimulation interventions are widely known to be effective in enhancing early childhood development (ECD). This study aims to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of integrating ECD care delivered by lady health visitors (LHVs) at public health facilities in rural Pakistan.

Process evaluation of chest camps for increased tuberculosis case finding in Punjab, Pakistan.

Background: To contribute to the World Health Organization's End TBStrategy, the active tuberculosis (TB) case-finding approach has been proven effective.

Methods: A total of 66 chest camps were organised for patients in 15 selected districts in Punjab, Pakistan, in 2017. A mixed-method process evaluation was conducted in four randomly selected districts to evaluate the use of chest camps for active TB case finding to reach the maximum number of people with TB and to assess the implementation outcomes, such as effectiveness, feasibility, fidelity, and costs.

Effectiveness of an Integrated Care Package for Refugee Mothers and Children: Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Thousands of Rohingya refugee mothers at the world's largest refugee camp located in Bangladesh are at risk of poor mental health. Accordingly, their children are also vulnerable to delayed cognitive and physical development.

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of an integrated care package in reducing the prevalence of developmental delays among children aged 1 year and improving their mothers' mental health status.

Effectiveness of delivering integrated COPD care at public healthcare facilities: a cluster randomised trial in Pakistan.

Background: In Pakistan chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) prevalence is 2.1% in adults aged >40 years. Despite being a health policy focus, integrated COPD care has remained neglected, with wide variation in practice.

Feasibility of delivering integrated COPD-asthma care at primary and secondary level public healthcare facilities in Pakistan: a process evaluation.

Background: In Pakistan,the estimated prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma are 2.1% and 4.3% respectively, and existing care is grossly lacking both in coverage and quality.

Enhanced hypertension care through private clinics in Pakistan: a cluster randomised trial.

Background: Hypertension in Pakistan affects 33% of people aged ≥45 years, and in urban areas around 70% of basic health care occurs in private facilities.

Aim: To assess whether enhanced care at urban private clinics resulted in better control of hypertension, cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, and treatment adherence.

Design & Setting: A two-arm cluster randomised controlled trial was conducted at 26 private clinics (in three districts of Punjab) between January 2015-September 2016.

Effectiveness of an integrated diabetes care package at primary healthcare facilities: a cluster randomised trial in Pakistan.

Background: There were an estimated 7 million people living with diabetes in Pakistan in 2014, and this is predicted to reach 11.4 million by 2030.

Aim: To assess if an integrated care package can achieve better control of diabetes.

Delivering integrated hypertension care at private health facilities in urban Pakistan: a process evaluation.

Background: In Pakistan about 18% of all adults are affected by hypertension, and only one in eight of the prevalent cases have their hypertension controlled. As in many other low-middle income countries, a public-private partnership approach is being considered for delivering non-communicable disease care in urban areas.

Aim: This process evaluation was undertaken to understand how an integrated care intervention was experienced by the care providers and patients, and to inform modifications before possible scaling.

Is integrated private-clinic based early child development care effective? A clustered randomised trial in Pakistan.

Background: In Pakistan, high prevalence of delays in early child development (ECD) is associated with poverty and lack of mothers' caregiving skills. GP clinics, the main sources of care in poor urban localities, lack quality ECD care delivery. A contextualised intervention was developed and tested to enable GPs to deliver clinic-based, tool-assisted ECD counselling of mothers on a quarterly basis.

Process evaluation of integrated early child development care at private clinics in poor urban Pakistan: a mixed methods study.

Background: In poor urban Pakistan, private GP clinics lack adequate services to promote early child development (ECD) care. A clinic-based contextualised ECD intervention was developed for quarterly tool-assisted counselling of mothers.

Aim: To explore the experience and implementation of ECD intervention by the private care providers and clients, for further adaptation for scaling of quality ECD care, at primary level private healthcare facilities in Pakistan.