Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI A H5N1) outbreak in Spain: its mitigation through the One Health approach - a short communication.

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI A H5N1) has occurred over the past few years, especially during the 1918-1919 Spanish Flu pandemic, which wiped out many people in the world. It caused acute illness in about 25-30% of the world's population, which led to the deaths of up to an estimated 40 million people. Of recent, public health authorities in Spain reported the detection of avian influenza A in two poultry workers on a single farm, following an outbreak in poultry confirmed on 20 September which was likely to be due to exposure to infected poultry or contaminated environments and poor interprofessional collaborations among the Spanish health workers.

Osteochondral grafting of knee joint using mosaicplasty.

Focal cartilage defects of articular surface-traumatic and degenerative are difficult to treat, thus a variety of surgical techniques have been developed and reported for treatment of such defects. Procedures such as Priddies perforations, microfracture, abrasion chondroplasty have shown long-term results which are often less than adequate. One of the reasons is that all these techniques lead to the formation of fibrocartilage which has inferior mechanical properties as compared to the native hyaline cartilage.

Evolution of trauma management at a tertiary care hospital: a cohort study.

Objective: To analyze the characteristics of polytrauma patients and to assess the outcome of trauma care as this specialty has evolved over the years at a university hospital.

Methods: The study included all polytrauma patients treated between January 1998 and September 2005 at a tertiary care hospital in a megacity. Data of 1009 patients was collected prospectively and analyzed retrospectively.

Shoulder impingement syndrome: outcome of arthroscopic subacromial decompression.

Objective: To describe the outcome of cases with subacromial impingement syndrome managed with arthroscopic subacromial decompression.

Study Design: Quasi-experimental study.

Place And Duration Of Study: Section of Orthopaedics, Department of Surgery, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi from April 2005 to March 2006.

Bullet-induced synovitis as a cause of secondary osteoarthritis of the hip joint: A case report and review of literature.

Background: With increasing prevalence of gunshot injuries we are seeing more patients with retained bullet fragments lodged in their bodies. Embedded lead bullets are usually considered inert after their kinetic energy has dissipated hence these are not removed routinely. However, exposure of any foreign body to synovial fluid may lead to rapid degradation and hence result in systemic absorption, causing local and systemic symptoms.