2-Homoectoine: An Additional Member of the Ectoine Family from Phyto- and Bacterioplankton Involved in Osmoadaptation.

Ectoine is a central osmolyte in marine plankton due to its excellent cytoprotective traits and its multifunctional roles supporting the survival of microalgae and bacteria under unfavorable environmental conditions. The protective effect of ectoine toward several kinds of stresses stirred interest in biotechnology, pharmacy, and other fields including cosmetics. Also, its hydroxylated derivative, 5-hydroxyectoine, exhibits functions similar to ectoine.

DMSOP-cleaving enzymes are diverse and widely distributed in marine microorganisms.

Dimethylsulfoxonium propionate (DMSOP) is a recently identified and abundant marine organosulfur compound with roles in oxidative stress protection, global carbon and sulfur cycling and, as shown here, potentially in osmotolerance. Microbial DMSOP cleavage yields dimethyl sulfoxide, a ubiquitous marine metabolite, and acrylate, but the enzymes responsible, and their environmental importance, were unknown. Here we report DMSOP cleavage mechanisms in diverse heterotrophic bacteria, fungi and phototrophic algae not previously known to have this activity, and highlight the unappreciated importance of this process in marine sediment environments.

Orchestrated Response of Intracellular Zwitterionic Metabolites in Stress Adaptation of the Halophilic Heterotrophic Bacterium .

Osmolytes are naturally occurring organic compounds that protect cells against various forms of stress. Highly polar, zwitterionic osmolytes are often used by marine algae and bacteria to counteract salinity or temperature stress. We investigated the effect of several stress conditions including different salinities, temperatures, and exposure to organic metabolites released by the alga on the halophilic heterotrophic bacterium .

UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS-Based Molecular Networking Guided Isolation and Dereplication of Antibacterial and Antifungal Constituents of .

is an herbal medicine for the treatment of wound infection; therefore this plant may rich in antibacterial agents. UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS-Based molecular networking guided isolation and dereplication led to the identification of antibacterial and antifungal agents in . Nine antimicrobial agents in were isolated and characterized; they are divided into four groups including (I) flavonoid glycosides, rhamnazin 3-rhamninoside (), catharticin or rhamnocitrin 3-rhamninoside (), xanthorhamnin B or rhamnetin 3-rhamninoside (), kaempferol 3-rhamninoside () and flavovilloside or quercetin 3-rhamninoside (), (II) benzisochromanquinone, ventilatones B () and A (), (III) a naphthopyrone ventilatone C () and (IV) a triterpene lupeol ().