Anomalies of the vertebral artery (VA) and its branches are rare but critical in neurovascular procedures. In a 38-year-old female, digital subtraction angiography revealed an anomalous origin of the occipital artery (OA) from the V3 segment of the left VA, with a tortuous course supplying the neck and scalp. Below the OA's origin, the suboccipital artery of Salmon arose, bifurcating into two branches.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe linguofacial trunk (LFT) is the conjoined origin of the lingual (LA) and facial (FA) arteries. We present an uncommon case of LFT due to its origin, length, and diameter. The computed tomography angiogram of an adult male case was evaluated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThere are reported here multiple rare anatomical variants of the sphenoidal sinus found in a 53-year-old male. The sinus exhibited uncommon features, including a prominent occipital recess extending bilaterally into the basilar part of the occipital bone. A narrow posterior isthmus connected the main chamber to 2 recesses: a superior postsellar recess pneumatising the dorsum sellae, and a postero-inferior occipital recess.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDehiscences of the intrapetrous canal of the facial nerve (FN) and those of a high jugular bulb (HJB) have various incidences. However, the HJB-FN common dehiscent osseous wall is a scarce finding and rarely reported. Thus, this work aimed to study this peculiar intrapetrous morphology on computed tomograms (CTs).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The external carotid artery (ECA) is typically regarded as coursing between the styloid muscles to continue into the parotid space. The anatomical possibility of an ECA with an ascending parapharyngeal trajectory continuing posteriorly to an elongated styloid process (ESP), thus retrostyloid, to the parotid space is overlooked. It was, therefore, aimed to document the prevalence of this retrostyloid variant of the ECA's course.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: The vertebral artery (VA) pierces the dura mater and continues with the intradural V4 segment. Once entered into the dura mater, the VA ascends from the infero-lateral to the antero-superior side of the medulla. Scarce reports of VAs compressing the medullospinal junction (MSJ) are available.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: The present evidence-based systematic review with meta-analysis aimed to investigate the fusion morphology of the lingual artery and facial artery (in the form of the linguofacial trunk-LFT) pooled prevalence and morphometry. After carefully investigating the data literature, a retrospective computed tomography angiography (CTA) study was performed to investigate a few parameters that were not well-studied.
Materials: An evidence-based systematic review retrieved 41 studies that met our inclusion criteria to identify the LFT pooled prevalence.
Background: The anatomy of the retrotympanum is highly variable, and surgical access is challenging. In the medial retrotympanum, a descending series of recesses are found: the posterior tympanic sinus, the sinus tympani (ST), and the subtympanic sinus (STS). Most of the previous anatomical studies of the ST evaluated it as a single depression of variable width and depth, without recesses, just on axial sections.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFunctional endoscopic sinus surgery consistently benefits from good anatomical knowledge and modern imaging techniques. Ethmoid air cells migrate in specific topographical sites near the ethmoid. Posterior ethmoid air cells that descend into the maxillary sinus (MS) are ethmomaxillary sinuses (EMSs) that into the superior nasal meatus.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: The present case report aims to describe the rare coexistence of three variants of the cerebral arterial system diagnosed by computed tomography angiography (CTA).
Methods: A retrospective study on head and neck CTAs was performed on a Greek adult population from the Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Larissa. An interesting case of an 80-year-old male was further investigated.
Objective: The tympanic plate typically joins the articular tubercle in the medial glenoid wall. It is aimed to report a peculiar anatomic variant of the latter.
Methods: The computed tomography scans of two adult male cases were documented for the anatomical details of the temporomandibular joint.
Purpose: The vertical level of carotid bifurcation (CB) is commonly indicated at the superior margin of the thyroid cartilage. Few studies observed the CB vertical topography. It was aimed at studying the vertical location of the CB as referred to vertebral and anterior cervical landmarks.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: This study aims to assess the anatomical possibilities of the jugular bulb (JB).
Methods: Fifty archived CBCT scans were analyzed.
Results: The average distance between the internal acoustic canal (IAC) and the JB was 7.
Anatomic variations of intracranial arteries are of paramount importance in neurosurgery and interventional radiology. Three extremely rare arterial variants were found by observing the intracranial vascular anatomy on the magnetic resonance angiography files of a 56-year-old female patient. Firstly, on the left side of the vertebrobasilar axis, a persistent primitive lateral basilovertebral anastomosis was found uniting the left anterior inferior and posterior inferior cerebellar arteries; further, the left anterior inferior cerebellar artery looped above the nerves of the internal auditory canal.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF: The upper posterior teeth are typically regarded as being exclusively inferior to the maxillary sinus (MS). The expansion of the nasal fossa above the maxillary alveolar base (MAB) needs better investigation. The hypothesis was raised that the MAB in the upper premolar region, which is usually addressed by surgeons for the elevation of the antral floor, is not exclusively beneath the MS.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPneumatisation of the maxillary sinus (MS) is variable. The archived cone-beam computed tomography file of a 54-year-old female was retrospectively evaluated anatomically. Nasal or retrobullar recesses of the MSs (NRMS) were found.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTypically, the sural nerve is formatted by the connection of the lateral sural cutaneous nerve (branch of the common fibular nerve) and the medial sural cutaneous nerve (branch of the tibial nerve). The current cadaveric report aims to describe a quite unusual symmetrical variant of the sural nerve. Classical dissection was performed on an 84-year-old donated male cadaver.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe suprascapular notch represents a depression on the lateral part of the superior border of the scapula, medially to the coracoid process. The current paper presents a systematic review with a meta-analysis of the suprascapular notch morphological variability. Related clinical implications were further discussed as well to emphasize the value of the topic.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: In human anatomy, there are well-known the foramina of the greater sphenoidal wing, the foramen rotundum, the foramen ovale, the foramen spinosum, as well as the inconstant sphenoidal emissary foramen of Vesalius and the foramen of Arnold. Different canals are found in several species of rodents, such as the alisphenoid and sphenopterygoid (SPC) canals.
Method: It was re-explored an archived computed tomography angiogram of a 60 y.
Morphological and morphometric variants of the anterior communicating artery (AComA) have been described by multiple studies; however, a complete classification system of all possible morphological variants with their prevalence is lacking. The current systematic review with meta-analysis combines data from different databases, concerning the AComA morphological and morphometric variants (length and diameter). Emphasis was given to the related clinical implications to highlight the clinical value of their knowledge.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn most cases, the superior laryngeal artery (SLA) branches from the superior thyroid artery, which, in turn, leaves the external carotid artery. Few dissection studies found previously that the SLA could originate from the lingual artery. We report here probably the first evidence of such a rare anatomical variation found unilaterally in a retrospectively evaluated by computed tomography angiography adult male case.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF: Typically, the external carotid artery (ECA) sends off separate anterior branches: the superior thyroid, lingual, and facial arteries. These could, however, form common trunks: thyrolinguofacial, linguofacial (LFT), or thyrolingual. Although known, the LFT variant was poorly detailed previously, and most authors just counted the variant.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF: The adult superficial middle cerebral vein (SMCV) commonly drains into the middle cranial fossa. However, different embryonic types persist, in which the SMCV drains into the lateral sinus. The basal type of SMCV coursing on the middle fossa floor is a scarce variant.
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