Evaluation of several routine methods for fosfomycin and mecillinam susceptibility testing of Enterobacterales urine isolates.

Objectives: Performance evaluation of routine laboratory methods to determine the susceptibility of Enterobacterales urinary isolates to fosfomycin (oral administration) and mecillinam.

Methods: We collected 347 Enterobacterales isolates from monomicrobial midstream urine samples from women with significant bacteriuria and leukocyturia. Mostly non-Escherichia coli isolates (i.

Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus to the airway epithelium oxidative response assessed by a cell-free in vitro assay.

The antibacterial oxidative response, which relies on the production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hypothiocyanite (OSCN-), is a major line of defense protecting the human airway epithelium (HAE) from lesions when infected. The in vitro studies of the oxidative responses are performed mainly by one-shot H2O2 exposure that does not recapitulate the complex H2O2/LPO/SCN- system releasing the reactive oxygen species in airway secretions. A cell-free in vitro assay mimicking this system has been described but was not fully characterized.

Bronchiectasis in renal transplant patients: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Bronchiectasis is a chronic airway disease characterized by permanent and irreversible abnormal dilatation of bronchi. Several studies have reported the development of bronchiectasis after renal transplantation (RT), but no prospective study specifically assessed bronchiectasis in this population. This study aimed to compare features of patients with bronchiectasis associated with RT to those with idiopathic bronchiectasis.

Current cough and sputum assessed by the cough and sputum assessment-questionnaire (CASA-Q) is associated with quality of life impairment in cystic fibrosis.

Background: Cough and sputum are major symptoms in cystic fibrosis (CF) that contribute to the impairment of quality of life.

Methods: This prospective single centre cross-sectional pilot study aimed to evaluate the results of a self-administered questionnaire assessing cough and sputum symptoms (2 domains), and their impact (2 domains) on daily activities in the previous week, named the Cough and Sputum Assessment Questionnaire (CASA-Q) in CF adult patients at stable state, and to analyse associations with clinical, functional, microbiological, radiological data, and two quality of life scales: the Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire Revised (CFQ-R) and the Saint George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ).

Results: Forty-eight patients were included in this analysis (69% men; median age of 27.

Current concepts on Pseudomonas aeruginosa interaction with human airway epithelium.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major, but opportunistic, respiratory pathogen, which rarely infects healthy individuals, mainly due to the barrier effect of the human airway epithelium (HAE). This review explores the interaction of P. aeruginosa with HAE and the progression of the infection.

[Involvement of inorganic phosphate starvation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacterial virulence].

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a bacterium causing a wide spectrum of nosocomial and opportunistic respiratory infections. As an element essential for bacterial metabolism , phosphorus is incorporated as an inorganic phosphate and regulated by a two-component PhoB-PhoR system. Recently, it has been shown that as a result of overexpression of virulence factors, including the PhoB transcription factor, P.

susceptibility of nonfermenting Gram-negative rods to meropenem-vaborbactam and delafloxacin.

Meropenem-vaborbactam and delafloxacin activities were not assessed against spp. (), complex () and (). A total of 106 , 57  and 100  were tested with gradient diffusion test of meropenem-vaborbactam, delafloxacin and comparators.

An upgraded version of carbapenem inactivation method to detect Bacteroides fragilis carbapenemase.

An increase of carbapenemase-producing Bacteroides fragilis infections is observed. To detect such a resistance in B. fragilis, several tests exist that are expensive or show poor sensitivity and specificity.

The Nicotinic Receptor Polymorphism rs16969968 Is Associated with Airway Remodeling and Inflammatory Dysregulation in COPD Patients.

Genome-wide association studies unveiled the associations between the single nucleotide polymorphism rs16969968 of CHRNA5, encoding the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha5 subunit (α5SNP), and nicotine addiction, cancer, and COPD independently. Here, we investigated α5SNP-induced epithelial remodeling and inflammatory response in human COPD airways. We included 26 α5SNP COPD patients and 18 wild-type α5 COPD patients in a multi-modal study.

A -Plasmid Promotes Biofilm Formation and Class 1 Integron Gene Cassette Rearrangements in .

Bacteria within biofilms may be exposed to sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of antibiotics. Cell-to-cell contact within biofilms facilitates horizontal gene transfers and favors induction of the SOS response. Altogether, it participates in the emergence of antibiotic resistance.

Contribution of the anaerobic blood culture vial for the recovery of Candida glabrata: A retrospective multicentric study.

Unlabelled: Although Candida spp are aerobic microorganisms, some Candida strains, mainly Candida glabrata, can be recovered from anaerobic blood culture vials. We assessed the contribution of the anaerobic vials for the diagnosis of candidemia, especially for C. glabrata.

Incidence, associated factors, and effect on renal function of amoxicillin crystalluria in patients receiving high doses of intravenous amoxicillin (The CRISTAMOX Study): A cohort study.

Background: Amoxicillin crystalluria (AC), potentially responsible for acute kidney injury (AKI), is reported more and more frequently in patients treated with high doses of intravenous amoxicillin (HDIVA). The main objective of this study was to evaluate AC incidence in these patients. The secondary objectives were to identify factors associated with AC and to evaluate its impact on the risk of AKI.

A -plasmid allows aminoglycosides to induce SOS in .

The plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes have been shown to promote high-level bacterial resistance to fluoroquinolone antibiotics, potentially leading to clinical treatment failures. In , sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of the widely used fluoroquinolones are known to induce the SOS response. Interestingly, the expression of several PMQR genes is controlled by the SOS master regulator, LexA.

Extended Bacteria Culture-Based Clustering Identifies a Phenotype Associating Increased Cough and in Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory lung disease characterized by airflow limitation. This chronic respiratory disease represents the third leading cause of death worldwide. Alteration of the airway microbiota has been reported to be associated with exacerbation frequency in COPD, but its role on the symptoms in patients at stable state is still incompletely described.

Vaginal Tampon Colonization by Staphylococcus aureus in Healthy Women.

Tampons recovered from a cohort of 737 healthy women (median age, 32 years) were analyzed for the presence of A total of 198 tampons (27%) were colonized by , 28 (4%) by a strain producing toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1). was detected more frequently in tampons that did not require an applicator for their insertion (74/233 [32%] versus 90/381 [24%]; odds ratio [OR] = 1.51 [95% confidence interval, 1.

Fosfomycin, from susceptibility to resistance: Impact of the new guidelines on breakpoints.

The fosfomycin breakpoint using the disc diffusion method (DDM) changed in the 2019 CA-SFM/EUCAST guidelines v2 (24mm versus 19mm). We assessed its impact on categorization of Enterobacterales recovered from urine samples in emergency departments. A total of 7749 and 2348 strains were tested using the DDM and the broth microdilution method (BMD), respectively.

Staphylococcus capitis isolated from bloodstream infections: a nationwide 3-month survey in 38 neonatal intensive care units.

To increase the knowledge about S. capitis in the neonatal setting, we conducted a nationwide 3-month survey in 38 neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) covering 56.6% of French NICU beds.

Phenotypic and genotypic quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli underlining GyrA83/87 mutations as a target to detect ciprofloxacin resistance.

Background: Quinolone resistance (QR) is one component of the MDR emerging in Escherichia coli and is of particular concern given the widespread use of fluoroquinolones.

Objectives: To characterize the QR phenotypes and genotypes in E. coli responsible for bloodstream infections and to propose molecular determinants that could be targeted to predict ciprofloxacin resistance.

Genomic analysis of a multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae ST11 strain recovered from Barbary deer (Cervus elaphus barbarus) in Akfadou Forest, Algeria.

Objectives: The emergence and worldwide spread of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) is a great public-health concern. This study aimed to screen for the presence of CPE isolates from Barbary deer in Akfadou Forest, Béjaïa (Algeria).

Methods: Faecal samples (n=39) were obtained from Barbary deer in Akfadou Forest between March-June 2018.

Author Correction: Complex ecological interactions of Staphylococcus aureus in tampons during menstruation.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.