Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome in a Eunatremic Patient with Chronic Kidney Disease.

Osmotic demyelination syndrome is classically associated with rapid correction of hyponatremia. However, it can occur in normonatremic patients with other electrolyte abnormalities. One must suspect osmotic demyelination syndrome in susceptible patients with other electrolyte abnormalities like hypokalemia and hypophosphatemia.

Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis: a single-center experience and review of the literature.

Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) is a serious and often fatal complication of long-term PD with severe malnutrition and poor prognosis. It causes progressive obstruction and encapsulation of the bowel. This retrospective study reviews our experience and that reviewed in the literature concerning EPS.

Impact of deceased donor diabetes mellitus on kidney transplant outcomes: a propensity score-matched study.

Background: There is a paucity of population-level data on the long-term outcomes of kidney transplants from deceased donors with a history of diabetes mellitus (DM).

Methods: We examined the association of donor DM with graft and patient survival in 66,654 deceased donor kidney transplant recipients (KTR) from January 1, 1994, to December 31, 2003, in the United States. KTR receiving kidneys from DM versus non-DM donors were compared in the total study population and in a 1:1 propensity score-matched cohort.

Coronary artery bypass grafting in patients on maintenance dialysis: is peritoneal dialysis a risk factor of operative mortality?

Background: Increasing numbers of patients on dialysis are undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). We undertook this retrospective study to identify risk factors of operative mortality in dialysis patients who underwent CABG.

Patients And Methods: We performed retrospective analysis of 105 patients who were on dialysis for at least two months before surgery and who underwent CABG in Toronto General Hospital from 1997 to 2006.

Listeria monocytogenes peritonitis in a patient on peritoneal dialysis: a case report and review of the literature.

Listeria monocytogenes (LM) is one of the rare microorganisms causing peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. We report a sporadic case of peritonitis caused by LM in a young female PD patient with lupus receiving corticosteroid therapy, who presented with abdominal pain, cloudy PD effluent, nausea, and conjunctivitis. The effluent showed a high PD effluent white cell count and monocytosis, and gram staining showed gram-positive bacilli in single or short chains and PD effluent culture grew LM.

Advantages of peritoneal dialysis in comparison to hemodialysis, in cardiac allograft recipients with end stage renal disease.

End stage renal disease is a serious complication in heart or heart-lung transplant recipients and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. The majority of these patients are currently treated with hemodialysis. Since there are no randomized control trials comparing hemodialysis to peritoneal dialysis in this patient population, the potential beneficial effects of peritoneal dialysis remain largely unknown.

Icodextrin produces higher ultrafiltration in diabetic than in non-diabetic patients on continuous cyclic peritoneal dialysis.

A preliminary report from our unit previously suggested that diabetic patients on continuous cyclic peritoneal dialysis (CCPD) have higher ultrafiltration (UF) with icodextrin than non-diabetic patients. To confirm this observation, we did a retrospective analysis of our patients (17 diabetic and 23 non-diabetic) who were on stable CCPD prescription using a long-day dwell with icodextrin. We collected daily UF data from these patients' records for 30 days.

Myeloma cast nephropathy presenting as acute onset bilateral reversible hearing loss.

A case of myeloma cast nephropathy masquerading as bilateral deafness of acute onset, probably due to hyperviscosity syndrome, is presented. Audiometry and kidney biopsy confirmed the diagnosis. Despite the presence of multiple poor prognostic features, the patient responded satisfactorily to plasmapharesis, dialysis and chemotherapy (VAD regimen) along with other supportive measures.

Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis in patients with renal failure due to multiple myeloma.

Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) is being used only in limited number of patients with renal failure due to multiple myeloma, despite having better preservation of hemoglobin, higher clearance of paraproteins, and higher chances of recovery of renal function than maintenance hemodialysis. We are reporting our short-term experience of five patients with multiple myeloma who presented with renal failure and required long term continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis for the treatment of uremia.

Prevention of membrane damage in patient on peritoneal dialysis with new peritoneal dialysis solutions.

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is now an established and successful alternative to hemodialysis. Multiple studies have confirmed its equivalent dialysis adequacy, mortality and fluid balance status, at least for the first 4-5 years. Peritoneal membrane failure is now one of the leading cause of technique failure.

Intravenous iron does not affect the rate of decline of residual renal function in patients on peritoneal dialysis.

The preservation residual renal function (RRF) is important for adequacy of peritoneal dialysis. Oxidative stress from intravenous (IV) iron has been shown to cause renal damage. The effect of IV iron on RRF has not been studied.

Graft mucormycosis in a renal allograft recipient.

Mucormycosis is a rare but potentially lethal fungal infection in the renal allograft recipient. Renal allograft mucormycosis is extremely rare. To date, only five cases have been reported in the literature.

Emphysematous pyelonephritis due to Aspergillus fumigatus: a case report.

A case of acute emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) caused by Aspergillus fumigatus is reported in a non-diabetic patient, who did not apparently have any risk factors for fungal infection. The patient refused any surgical intervention and was successfully treated with liposomal amphoteracin-B and 5-flucytocin and achieved complete recovery.