Boolean Functions with Multiplicative Complexity 3 and 4.

Multiplicative complexity (MC) is defined as the minimum number of AND gates required to implement a function with a circuit over the basis (AND, XOR, NOT). Boolean functions with MC 1 and 2 have been characterized in Fischer and Peralta (2002), and Find et al. (2017), respectively.

Effects on Lower Extremity Neuromuscular Control Exercises on Knee Proprioception, Muscle Strength, and Functional Level in Patients with ACL Reconstruction.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of lower extremity motor control exercises on knee proprioception, muscle strength, and functional level in patients with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL-R).

Materials And Methods: Thirty-two of the 57 patients with ACL-R using tibialis anterior allografts were divided into two groups. Group I: lower extremity motor control exercises were added to the standard rehabilitation program.

Isolation of High-Quality RNA from Pichia pastoris.

Analysis of RNA structuromes provides new insights into cellular processes, enabling systems biology and biotechnology researchers to calculate promoter and terminator strengths and to directly observe how differing circuit states impact host gene expression and the burdens imposed by the circuits. Such analysis, however, is crucially dependent on the availability of highly pure, intact RNA isolated from fresh or frozen cell cultures. RNA extraction from the yeast Pichia pastoris requires specific pretreatment steps to ensure the reproducibility of downstream applications, but current methods and extraction kits are generally adapted for the conventional yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which has a different cell wall composition.

A Rare Cause of Angina After Coronary Bypass Grafting; Left İnternal Mammary Artery to Pulmonary Artery Fistula and Successful Treatment with Transcatheter Coil Embolization.

Fistula from left internal mammary artery (LIMA) to pulmonary artery (PA) is rarely encountered in daily practice. In recent years, endovascular therapy options have emerged for the treatment of fistula formations and replaced with surgery. A 53-year-old man admitted to our outpatient clinic with symptoms of typical angina and shortness of breath despite optimal medical therapy.

The GUSS test as a good indicator to evaluate dysphagia in healthy older people: a multicenter reliability and validity study.

Purpose: Dysphagia is known to be a disorder of the swallowing function, and is a growing health problem in aging populations. Swallowing screening tests have mostly been studied in comorbidities such as stroke associated with old age. There is no simple, quick and easy screening test to best determine the risk of oropharyngeal dysphagia in geriatric guidelines.

Intratumoral Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Density and PD-L1 Expression Are Prognostic Biomarkers for Patients with Colorectal Cancer.

Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated inflammatory response to tumors plays a crucial role in preventing the progression of some cancers. Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), a cell-surface glycoprotein, has been reported to repress T-cell-mediated immune responses against tumors. However, the clinical significance of PD-L1 in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear.

Effects of topical mitomycin-C on the tracheal epithelia of rabbits following tracheostomy.

Background/aim: We aimed to investigate the topical application of mitomycin-C (MMC) after the conventional tracheostomy in a rabbit model.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-four male New Zealand White rabbits were randomly divided among 3 equal groups (n: 8). Trache- ostomies were performed on 16 subjects.

How successful is "pleural sound sign" in the identification of pneumothorax?

Objective: In the present study, in thorax ultrasonography (USG) Doppler images obtained from cases with occult pneumothorax, we investigated the status of pulsatile pleural sounds over the pleural line and called these as the pleural sound sign (PSS). The purpose of the present study was to identify the efficacy of the proposed PSS in diagnosing pneumothorax and to compare it with the other USG findings including the sliding lung sign (SLS) and seashore sign (SSS).

Methods: The present study included 66 consecutive patients who were referred to the emergency unit with a blunt trauma from October 2009 to January 2010 at a tertiary university hospital.

Association of the positive T wave in lead aVR with short-term mortality in patients with acute pulmonary embolism.

Lead aVR provides prognostic information in various settings for patients with cardiovascular diseases. The present study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of a positive T wave in lead aVR (TaVR) for patients with acute pulmonary embolism (APE). We screened a total of 412 consecutive patients who were hospitalised with a diagnosis of APE between 2008 and 2018.

Estimation of depth-dependent material properties of biphasic soft tissues through finite element optimization and sensitivity analysis.

A knowledge of material properties of soft tissue, such as articular cartilage, is essential to assess its mechanical function. It is also increasingly more evident that the inhomogeneity of the tissues plays a significant role in its in vivo functioning. Hence, efficient and reliable tools are needed to accurately characterize the inhomogeneity of the soft tissue mechanical properties.

Evaluation of Plantar Foot Sensation, Balance, Physical Performance, and Fear of Movement in Substance Use Disorders.

Background: Neuropathologic changes may occur in the nervous system due to long-term substance use, leading to functional disability with altering of balance. We know little about substance-related mechanisms that can cause movement disorders. This study investigated the effects of plantar foot sensation and balance on physical performance as an effect of substance use in detoxified patients.

Correction: Evaluation of Antibiotic Prophylaxis and Discharge Prescriptions in the General Surgery Department.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.7759/cureus.4793.

Evaluation of Antibiotic Prophylaxis and Discharge Prescriptions in the General Surgery Department.

Introduction Although there are international guidelines for surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SP), the use of inappropriate SP is still a common problem. Most studies investigated SP applications in clean and clean-contaminated cases. However, antibiotics in the discharge prescriptions of these cases have not been adequately investigated.

Prognostic value of serum uric acid levels in patients with non-STEMI undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.

Background: Because myocardial infarction in young adults is rare, there has been limited research on the condition in this patient group. Very few data are available regarding the long-term outcomes of patients under 40 years of age with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) undergoing invasive treatments. The prognostic value of uric acid (UA) in young patients with NSTEMI who undergo percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has also not been studied.

Dietary Non-Drug Feed Additive as an Alternative for Antibiotic Growth Promoters for Broilers During a Necrotic Enteritis Challenge.

Necrotic enteritis, caused by is an enteric disease that leads to poor performance and increased mortality, resulting in significant economic losses in poultry production. This study evaluated the effects of a proprietary prebiotic, probiotic, and plant extract blend on performance of broilers during coccidiosis challenge leading to necrotic enteritis (NE). In total, 744 Cobb500 male broilers were randomly allocated to 3 treatments (8 replicates, 31 birds/pen) including, the negative control (NC) fed a basal diet; the positive control (PC) fed a basal diet with Virginiamycin; and the additive group fed basal diet with a blend of prebiotic, probiotic, and plant extract (BSN).

Necrotic Enteritis in Broiler Chickens: The Role of Tight Junctions and Mucosal Immune Responses in Alleviating the Effect of the Disease.

Necrotic enteritis (NE) continues to present major challenges to the poultry industry, and the etiologic agent is the fourth leading cause of bacterially-induced food- borne illnesses in the US. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of a probiotic during naturally occurring NE. On day of hatch, 1080 Cobb 500 male broilers were randomly allocated to three groups (12 replicate pens/treatment, 30 birds/pen) including 1) negative control (NC): corn-soybean meal diet; 2) positive control (PC): NC + 20 mg virginiamycin/kg diet (0.

New insights of the fever following subarachnoid hemorrhage and introducing a new thermoregulator like structure in choroid plexuses; preliminary study.

Objective: Vagal nerves and their thermoreceptors could regulate temperature of brain. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is increased in the early phases of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). We hypothesised that choroid plexuses probably innervated by vagal nerves may play a role on the regulation of brain temperature and studied this subject.

Excited-State Dynamics in Fully Conjugated 2D Covalent Organic Frameworks.

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a highly versatile group of porous materials constructed from molecular building blocks, enabling deliberate tuning of their final bulk properties for a broad range of applications. Understanding their excited-state dynamics is essential for identifying suitable COF materials for applications in electronic devices such as transistors, photovoltaic cells, and water-splitting electrodes. Here, we report on the ultrafast excited-state dynamics of a series of fully conjugated two-dimensional (2D) COFs in which different molecular subunits are connected through imine bonds, using transient absorption spectroscopy.

Does B12 deficiency lead to change in brain metabolites in pediatric population? A MR spectroscopy study.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to examine metabolite changes in different brain regions of the children with vitamin B12 deficiency disease using MR spectroscopy.

Methods: Eighteen children with serum vit. B12 deficiency and 12 healthy volunteer children were included in the study.

Engineering of alcohol dehydrogenase 2 hybrid-promoter architectures in Pichia pastoris to enhance recombinant protein expression on ethanol.

The aim of this work is to increase recombinant protein expression in Pichia pastoris over the ethanol utilization pathway under novel-engineered promoter variants (NEPVs) of alcohol dehydrogenase 2 promoter (P ) through the generation of novel regulatory circuits. The NEPVs were designed by engineering of transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) determined by in silico analyses and manual curation systematically, by (a) single-handedly replacement of specified TFBSs with synthetic motifs for Mxr1, Cat8, and Aca1 binding, and synthetic TATA-box integration; and, (b) nucleosome optimization. P and P designed by the integration of synthetic Cat8 binding sites were superior, and then P .

The clinical effect of pacifier use on orogastric tube-fed preterm infants: A randomized controlled trial.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical effect of pacifier use on orogastric tube-fed preterm infants.

Methods: The non-blinded randomised controlled study was conducted between October 2014 and November 2015 at the neonatal intensive care unit of a large public-sector hospital in Ankara, Turkey, and comprised preterm infants aged 31-36 gestational weeks with a birth weight of 1000g or above who had no congenital or neurological disease and were fed by orogastric tube. Through computer-generated simple randomisation, the subjects were divided into pacifier (intervention) and non-pacifier (control) groups.

Ectopic Cushing's syndrome due to adrenocorticotropic hormone secreting atypical thymic carcinoid tumor.

Cushing's syndromes (CS) due to thymic carcinoids are rarely seen. In this text, a case with CS due to ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secreting atypical thymic carcinoid tumor is presented. A 50-year-old Turkish male patient was admitted to our emergency department with typical CS features.

The Protective Effect of Thiamine Pryophosphate Against Sugar-Induced Retinal Neovascularisation in Rats.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), administered via sugar water, on retinal neovascularisation in rats. Animals were assigned to three groups, namely the TPP sugar-water group (TPSWG, = 12), the control group (CG, = 12) and the healthy group (HG, n = 12). The TPSWG was injected intraperitoneally with TPP once a day for 6 months.