Infra-patellar fat pad-derived mesenchymal stem cells maintain their chondrogenic differentiation potential after arthroscopic harvest with blood-product supplementation.

Purpose: Mesenchymal stem cells/medicinal signaling cells (MSCs) possess therapeutic potential and are used in regenerative orthopaedics. The infra-patellar fat pad (IFP) is partially resected during knee arthroscopy (KASC) and contains MSCs. Heat, irrigation, and mechanical stress during KASC may decrease MSC's therapeutic potential.

Extensor Mechanism Reconstruction Using Allograft Following Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Review of Current Practice.

The disruption of the extensor mechanism/apparatus of the knee is a dreaded complication following Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA). Fresh frozen allograft containing the patella, and peripatellar musculotendinous attachments has emerged as an ideal alternative or salvageable option for the efficient reconstruction of extensor mechanism disrupted following TKA, where repair is almost impossible. However, any allograft implantation is associated with certain complications and extensor apparatus allograft is not the exception.

Power function setting in charged aerosol detection for the linearization of detector response - optimization strategies and their application.

Charged aerosol detection (CAD) is an universal technique in liquid chromatography that is increasingly used for the quality control of drugs. Consequently, it has found its way into compendial monographs promoted by its simple and robust application. However, the response of CAD is inherently nonlinear due to its principle of function.

The Effect of Blood-Derived Products on the Chondrogenic and Osteogenic Differentiation Potential of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Originated from Three Different Locations.

Background: Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) from fat tissue considered "surgical waste" during joint surgery may provide a potent source for regenerative medicine. Intra-articular, homologous fat tissue (Hoffa's fat pad, pouch fat) might possess a superior chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation potential in comparison to extra-articular, nonhomologous fat. Blood products might further enhance this potential.

Influence of charged aerosol detector instrument settings on the ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of fatty acids in polysorbate 80.

The analysis of polysorbate 80 is a challenge because all components lack a chromophore. Here, an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography system equipped with a charged aerosol detector (UHPLC-CAD) was used to study the effect of systematic variation of the CAD settings, namely evaporation temperature, filter constant and power function value (PFV), on the detector response of fatty acid standards and manufacturing batches of polysorbate. Evaporation temperature and filter constant strongly affect the detection limits described by signal-to-noise (S/N) ratios.

Grade III Distal Medial Collateral Ligament Tear Missed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Report of Two Cases.

Medial collateral ligament (MCL) injuries are the most common knee ligament injuries. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the investigation of choice for detecting such injuries. We report two cases of acute grade 3 MCL tears in young adults in which the injury was suspected clinically and was later confirmed by surgical exploration.

Proximal hamstring reconstruction using semitendinosus and gracilis autograft: a novel technique.

Unlabelled: The complete proximal hamstring avulsion is relatively uncommon injury and predominantly occurs in young athletes but causes significant functional impairment. In chronic cases, the muscle mass is so much retracted that primary repair is not possible. A surgical technique for reconstruction of chronic proximal hamstring avulsion using contralateral semitendinosus and gracilis autograft is described in this case report.

Shortening of the patellar tendon length does not influence the patellofemoral alignment in a cadaveric model.

Introduction: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with the use of autograft tissue represents the standard treatment. The use of a bone-patellar tendon-bone transplant for symptomatic ACL deficiency achieves good long-term results. The purpose of the study was to investigate in a cadaveric model whether reproducible patellar tendon shortening changes the patellofemoral alignment.

Effects of a femoral shaft fracture on multiply injured patients with a head injury.

To study the effects of a femoral shaft fracture and its early stabilization on the morbidity, mortality, and outcome of patients with multiple injuries and a concomitant head injury, we analyzed the clinical course of patients using a prospectively gathered database. A series of 42 patients with multiple injuries, including head injuries and femoral fractures, formed the study group. A series of 133 patients with multiple injuries and head injuries but without femoral fractures formed the control group.

Light and electron microscopic study of stress-shielding effects on rat patellar tendon.

In this second part of our study, the histomorphologic changes occurring in the patellar tendon (PT) of rats after sole stress-shielding were evaluated. In seven adult albino rats, both PTs were exposed by straight skin incision and then stress-shielded on one side by a cerclage, while the contralateral PT served as the sham-operated control. One animal died after the operation and was used as a negative control.

Inter- and intratester comparison of the Rolimeter knee tester: effect of tester's experience and the examination technique.

Clinical knee examination is imperative for the prognosis, follow-up, and scientific comparison of anterior cruciate ligament surgery results. A new device, the Rolimeter knee tester was studied in this study with respect to inter- and intratester reliability. We found no significant difference in the intratester evaluation, and data were reliable between repeated measurements and between different testers with the same examination technique.

Accuracy of pressure and flow capacities of four arthroscopic fluid management systems.

Purpose: The present study was conducted to evaluate 4 different fluid delivery systems: Arthrex AR-6450, Stryker 1.5L High Flow Pump, Arthro FMS 4, and Acufex InteliJet. Their flow and pressure capacity, as specified by the manufacturer, and their accuracy, as measured in a standardized fashion, were compared with directly measured pressure values.

Patients with increased intracranial pressure cannot be monitored using near infrared spectroscopy.

The hypothesis of this study was that with near infrared spectroscopy a decrease of the regional cerebral saturation would be detectable in patients with increased intracranial pressure. For this purpose, two study groups were compared: (A) eight healthy volunteers and (B) eight heart beating organ donors with brain stem herniation. The regional cerebral saturation was measured according to the developer's suggestions.

Cyclops and cyclopoid formation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: clinical and histomorphological differences.

Prospectively, 119 patients were pursued clinically and by follow-up-arthroscopy for the occurrence of a "cyclops syndrome" after ACL reconstruction with a patellar tendon autograft, augmented by LAD. Twenty-one patients showed nodular formations. Ten of these (group 1) developed early clinical evidence of a "cyclops syndrome" with a mean extension deficit of 19 degrees before follow-up-arthroscopy, on average 5.

The role of magnetic resonance imaging in routine decision making for meniscal surgery.

This clinical study evaluated factors affecting the decision for meniscal surgery in a patient population seen routinely at a trauma clinic. The study hypothesis was that patients who sustain a traumatic injury to the knee or have a long history of clinical symptoms are likelier to be operated on. We investigated 149 patients clinically and by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

New instrument that uses near-infrared spectroscopy for the monitoring of human muscle oxygenation.

Background: Early detection of vascular impairments after free tissue transfers are essential to prevent flap failure. Near-infrared spectroscopy showed good promise to monitor flaps at deep levels successfully without being invasive. The purpose of this study was to test whether the INVOS 3100 cerebral oxymeter is capable of detecting circulatory impairments.

Recommendations for the diagnosis of traumatic meniscal injuries in athletes.

It has always been difficult to develop a method of correctly evaluating knee injuries and, in turn, to devise the appropriate rehabilitation programme. Flawless diagnosis of meniscal injury is necessary, considering the diverse consequences of this injury for patients, and even more so in relation to athletes, bearing in mind the intensified physical demands on their bodies. There is no doubt that an accurate and concise clinical evaluation of patients with injuries to the knee is the basis for an exact diagnosis and successful treatment.

Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction alters the patellar alignment.

Although there are many articles dealing with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, there are none dealing with the possibility of changes of the patellofemoral alignment after these procedures. Forty-six patients were evaluated preoperatively and 1 year postoperatively, after undergoing intra-articular ACL reconstruction, for changes of the patellofemoral alignment. Patella-tilt and congruence angles were measured on tangential view radiographs that were taken in the supine position.

Open meniscal repair: clinical and magnetic resonance imaging findings after twelve years.

The purpose of this study was to document the longterm clinical, radiographic, and magnetic resonance imaging results after open meniscal repair. Twenty-two patients, with 23 open meniscal repairs, were evaluated after a mean follow-up of 12.9 years using patient history, physical examination, KT-1000 arthrometer testing, the "Orthopaedische Arbeitsgemeinschaft Knie" knee evaluation scheme, Tegner activity score, weightbearing radiographs, and magnetic resonance imaging.

Patellar alignment evaluated by MRI.

We analyzed the congruence of the articular cartilage surfaces and the corresponding subchondral bone in the patellar joint. 20 volunteers underwent MRI investigations of the right patellar joint in 20 degree and 45 degree flexion in the axial plane. The sulcus, congruence, and lateral patellofemoral angles, measured on MRI slices centered through the midtransverse patella, were recorded.