Simultaneous determination of tramadol in earwax and urine samples: effects of age, duration time and sex.

This study aims to determine the concentrations of tramadol in earwax (μg/g) and urine (μg/ml) samples taken from postoperative patients, to evaluate the sensitivity of earwax (cerumen) as an alternative analyte and compare it with the findings in urine samples. The results indicated that tramadol concentrations in earwax samples were averaged 45.08 μg/g (range: 13.

Correction to: Evolution of emergency medical services in the Kingdom of Bahrain.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

Evolution of emergency medical services in the Kingdom of Bahrain.

Emergency medical services (EMS) is crucial to any healthcare system, especially in urban countries. The Kingdom of Bahrain has always strived to develop healthcare services throughout the Kingdom including EMS. Like any other country, the Kingdom has gone through several stages in the provision of EMS.

Vitamin D as potential antidepressant in outpatients with musculoskeletal pain .

Objective: To determine the incidence of vitamin D deficiency, anxiety, and depression disorders in an outpatient population with musculoskeletal pain (MSP), and to evaluate the effects of correcting a vitamin D deficiency on MSP and psychological symptoms.

Materials And Methods: A total of 261 outpatients with MSP and 100 controls were involved. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to assess psychological symptoms.

Correction to: Emergency Medicine in the Kingdom of Bahrain.

Following the publication of the original article [1], it was brought to our attention that author Leena Alqasem was erroneously included as Leena Alqusem.

Emergency Medicine in the Kingdom of Bahrain.

It has been more than a decade since emergency medicine became recognized as a specialty in the Kingdom of Bahrain. In the last fifteen years emergency medicine has widely established itself and developed rapidly in the Kingdom. The three main emergency departments are: Salmanyia Medical Complex (SMC), Royal Medical Services of Bahrain Defence Force (RMS-BDF) and King Hamad University Hospital (KHUH) are now fully equipped and operated by a majority of board certified emergency physicians.

Vitamin D and PTH status among adolescent and young females with severe dysmenorrhea.

Objective: To investigate Vitamin D and parathyroid hormone (PTH) status among adolescent and young females with severe and very severe dysmenorrhea.

Design: Cross-sectional study in specific selected sample.

Setting: One Jordanian university.

Premenstrual symptoms in dysmenorrheic college students: prevalence and relation to vitamin D and parathyroid hormone levels.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of premenstrual symptoms (PMS) due to primary dysmenorrhea among a sample of university female students, and to explore possible association with vitamin D and parathyroid (PTH) levels, as well as frequency of consumption of dairy products.

Design: A cross-sectional study.

Setting: One Jordanian university.