Towards a universal model for the foaming behavior of surfactants: a case study on per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS).

Foam fractionation offers a promising solution for the separation of surface-active contaminants from water. Therefore, this work aims to comprehensively investigate foaming behavior and its correlations with the interfacial properties. As a case study, we evaluate foaming of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), which are one of significant environmental issues worldwide due their pervasive presence in the environment.

Effect of Cosurfactant on Structure and Properties of Polymerized High Internal Phase Emulsions (PolyHIPEs).

Porous polymerized high internal phase emulsion (polyHIPE) monoliths are synthesized by using Span 80 with different cosurfactants. The results reveal that the void size can be reduced by employing cosurfactants, except for Tween 20. Furthermore, the openness of polyHIPEs changes by using different cosurfactants or by varying their concentration.

Seeing red: color vision in the largemouth bass.

How animals visually perceive the environment is key to understanding important ecological behaviors, such as predation, foraging, and mating. This study focuses on the visual system properties and visual perception of color in the largemouth bass . This study (1) documents the number and spectral sensitivity of photoreceptors, (2) uses these parameters to model visual perception, and (3) tests the model of color perception using a behavioral assay.

Hybridization and postzygotic isolation promote reinforcement of male mating preferences in a diverse group of fishes with traditional sex roles.

Behavioral isolation is thought to arise early in speciation due to differential sexual and/or natural selection favoring different preferences and traits in different lineages. Instead, behavioral isolation can arise due to reinforcement favoring traits and preferences that prevent maladaptive hybridization. In darters, female preference for male coloration has been hypothesized to drive speciation, because behavioral isolation evolves before F1 inviability.

Male and female contributions to behavioral isolation in darters as a function of genetic distance and color distance.

Determining which reproductive isolating barriers arise first between geographically isolated lineages is critical to understanding allopatric speciation. We examined behavioral isolation among four recently diverged allopatric species in the orangethroat darter clade (Etheostoma: Ceasia). We also examined behavioral isolation between each Ceasia species and the sympatric rainbow darter Etheostoma caeruleum.

Intrasexual competition underlies sexual selection on male breeding coloration in the orangethroat darter, .

Elaborate, sexually dimorphic traits are widely thought to evolve under sexual selection through female preference, male-male competition, or both. The orangethroat darter () is a sexually dichromatic fish in which females exhibit no preferences for male size or coloration. We tested whether these traits affect individual reproductive success in when multiple males are allowed to freely compete for a female.

Structure and sexual dimorphism of the electrocommunication signals of the weakly electric fish, Adontosternarchus devenanzii.

Electrocommunication signals of electric fish vary across species, sexes and individuals. The diversity of these signals and the relative simplicity of the neural circuits controlling them make them a model well-suited for studying the mechanisms, evolution and sexual differentiation of behavior. In most wave-type gymnotiform knifefishes, electric organ discharge (EOD) frequency and EOD modulations known as chirps are sexually dimorphic.