Life-threatening Carotid Complications Caused by Extraluminal Migration of Ingested Foreign Bodies; a Case Report and Narrative Review of Literature.

Carotid complications resulting from extra-luminal migration of ingested foreign bodies (FB) are rare but potentially life-threatening. Previous data on the topic predominantly comprises isolated case reports, leaving a gap in comprehensive evidence necessary to guide clinical decision-making. In this article, we offer a narrative review alongside a novel case report, aimed at providing a broad, evidence-based perspective on the topic to guide clinical practice.

Tumefactive Primary Central Nervous System Vasculitis: Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast Perfusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings With Histological Correlation.

Purpose: Primary central nervous system vasculitis (PCNSV) is a rare inflammatory disease affecting the central nervous system. In some cases, it presents with large, solitary lesion with extensive mass effect that mimic intracranial neoplasms. This condition results in a diagnostic confusion for neuroradiologists because the differentiation is almost impossible on conventional MRI sequences.

Isolated axial lateropulsion caused by an acute lateral medullary infarction involving the dorsal spinocerebellar tract: A case report.

Lateral medullary syndrome encompasses a broad spectrum of symptoms and signs depending on the bulbar localization of the lesion. Body lateropulsion (BL) can occur without vestibular and cerebellar symptoms, as a unique manifestation of a lateral medullary infarction. However, it is relatively rare and challenging to diagnose.

Forgetting the Unforgettable: Transient Global Amnesia Part II: A Clinical Road Map.

Transient global amnesia (TGA) is a clinical syndrome characterized by the sudden onset of a temporary memory disorder with profound anterograde amnesia and a variable impairment of the past memory. Usually, the attacks are preceded by a precipitating event, last up to 24 h and are not associated with other neurological deficits. Diagnosis can be challenging because the identification of TGA requires the exclusion of some acute amnestic syndromes that occur in emergency situations and share structural or functional alterations of memory circuits.

Forgetting the Unforgettable: Transient Global Amnesia Part I: Pathophysiology and Etiology.

Transient global amnesia (TGA) is a clinical syndrome characterized by the sudden onset of a temporary memory disorder with a profound anterograde amnesia and a variable impairment of the past memory. Since the first description, dating back over 60 years, several cases have beenreported in the literature. Nevertheless, TGA remains one of the most mysterious diseases in clinical neurology.

The role of unhenanced CT in a ruptured parathyroid adenoma: A case report.

Acute bleeding is a rare and potentially life-threatening complication of a Parathyroid Adenoma described in just a few cases in literature. We describe the case of a healthy 53-years-old female patient without prior history of parathyroid pathology who presented with acute onset of neck and mediastinal hemorrhage. Ultrasound (US), Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) combined with laboratory tests led to the diagnosis of a bleeding Parathyroid adenoma.

Spontaneous emphysematous osteomyelitis of the spine: A case report.

Spontaneous emphysematous osteomyelitis of the spine is a very rare but severe condition caused by gas-forming microorganisms. We present the case of a 41-year-old obese male patient presenting at the Emergency Department with diabetic ketoacidosis, fever, and difficulty in walking. computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the spine revealed bone marrow edema and intraosseous gas collections at the level of the fourth and fifth lumbar metameres, suggesting an osteomyelitis sustained by gas-forming microorganisms, which was then confirmed by the isolation of Klebsiella pneumonia in blood culture.

Is This Truly A "Leave-Me-Alone" Lesion? An Unusual Case of Multiple Ring-shaped Lateral Ventricular Nodules.

Background: Ring-shaped lateral ventricular nodules (RSLVNs) are commonly considered as benign asymptomatic lesions, which are sporadically detected as incidental findings on routine brain magnetic resonance imaging scans. Despite their not irrelevant frequency, the exact biological nature of these lesions remains largely unknown due to the lack of histopathologic studies. Here we present the clinical, neuroradiologic, and histopathologic findings of an unusual case of symptomatic multiple RSLVNs.

Solitary Cerebral Metastases . High-grade Gliomas: Usefulness of Two MRI Signs in the Differential Diagnosis.

Background/aim: The differentiation between cerebral metastases (CM) and high-grade gliomas (HGG) can be difficult on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of searching two MRI signs (signal alteration in the adjacent cortex, SAAC, and peripheral rim sign, PRS), in order to distinguish between these entities.

Patients And Methods: A total of 61 patients were retrospectively enrolled (28 HGG, 33 CM).

Reversible MR Findings in Marchiafava-Bignami Disease.

Marchiafava-Bignami Disease (MBD) is a toxic demyelinating disease often diagnosed in chronic alcoholics. The disease process typically involves the corpus callosum and clinically presents with various manifestations resulting in MBD type A and type B on the basis of clinical condition, extent of callosal involvement and extracallosal involvement at brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and prognosis. The death rate is high.

Subdural Hematoma as a Consequence of Labor Epidural Analgesia.

Subdural hematoma (SDH) following labor epidural analgesia is a rare neurological complication. SDH is a late complication of this procedure; it is caused by a leak of cerebrospinal fluid that may damage the vascular structures of the brain. Persistent headache in the days after labor epidural analgesia is a nonspecific clinical symptom caused by hematoma.

Magnetic resonance features of pyogenic brain abscesses and differential diagnosis using morphological and functional imaging studies: a pictorial essay.

The aim of this paper is to illustrate the potential of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment planning and evaluation of therapy effectiveness of pyogenic brain abscesses, through the use of morphological (or conventional) and functional (or advanced) sequences. Conventional MRI study is useful for the identification of lesions, to determine the location and morphology and allows a correct hypothesis of nature in the most typical cases. However, the differential diagnosis from other brain lesions, such as non-pyogenic abscesses or necrotic tumors (high-grade gliomas and metastases) is often only possible through the use of functional sequences, as the measurement of diffusion with apparent diffusion coefficient (DWI-ADC), proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) and perfusion weighted imaging (PWI), which complement the morphological sequences and provide essential information on structural, metabolic and hemodynamic characteristics allowing greater neuroradiological confidence.

Perfusion and spectroscopy magnetic resonance imaging in a case of lymphocytic vasculitis mimicking brain tumor.

Background: Lymphocytic vasculitis of the central nervous system is an uncommon subtype of primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS) - a rare inflammatory disorder affecting parenchymal and leptomeningeal arteries and veins.

Case Report: Establishing diagnosis on the basis of neuroimaging only is difficult, as it can mimic a brain tumor. Thus, histological diagnosis is essential for appropriate management.

Calcifying Pseudoneoplasm of the Neuraxis. Two Case Reports and Review of CT and MR Findings.

Calcifying pseudoneoplasm is rarely encountered along the neuraxis, and only few cases have been reported to involve the spine. Its exact pathogenesis is unknown, and has been regarded as an unusual reactive process which must be differentiated from infection or malignancy. This rare entity carries a good prognosis after surgical resection.

A novel malate dehydrogenase from Ceratonia siliqua L. seeds with potential biotechnological applications.

A novel malate dehydrogenase (MDH; EC 3.1.1.

Comparison between CT and MR in perfusion imaging assessment of high-grade gliomas.

Purpose: The aim of our study was to compare the relative cerebral blood volume (CBV) values obtained by first-pass dynamic susceptibility-weighted contrast-enhanced (DSC) T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) and perfusion computed tomography (P-CT) imaging in high-grade gliomas (HGG) in the same patient population.

Materials And Methods: Sixteen patients with histologically proven HGG underwent P-CT and DSC-MR brain imaging. P-CT studies were obtained using a four-row multislice CT scanner and postprocessed with a commercial software package based on a deconvolution-based technique.

Pontine extension of a tentorial schwannoma without cranial nerve involvement: a case report.

Introduction: Intracranial schwannomas unrelated to the cranial nerves are uncommon. We report a new case of tentorial schwannoma unrelated to the cranial nerves, with extension into the pons. A literature review with discussion of the most relevant pathogenetic aspects is also performed.

Pyogenic abscess from Providencia stuartii mimicking necrotic tumour at perfusion-weighted imaging.

The purpose of this case report is to increase the knowledge about magnetic resonance spectrum of pyogenic abscesses of the brain. A 74-year-old woman presented with a left frontal lobe cystic mass, developed in the site of post-traumatic contusions after surgical evacuation of a subdural hematoma. MR imaging showed an ipsilateral mass lesion with a thin, regular rim of T1 high-intensity signal, T2 low-intensity signal, and gadolinium-enhancement.

Differential diagnosis by unenhanced FLAIR T2-weighted magnetic resonance images between solitary high grade gliomas and cerebral metastases appearing as contrast-enhancing cortico-subcortical lesions.

The aim was to assess the value of unenhanced fluid-attenuated inversion recovery T2-weighted sequences (FLAIR-T2) in the differential diagnosis between solitary high-grade gliomas (HGG) and cerebral metastases (CM) appearing as contrast-enhancing cortico-subcortical lesions of the brain. In 69 patients with a contrast-enhancing cortico-subcortical brain lesion (43 HGG, and 26 CM), unenhanced FLAIR-T2 and gadolinium-enhanced FLAIR T1-weighted (Gd-FLAIR-T1) axial images have been reviewed for the involvement of the cortex adjacent to the contrast-enhancing lesion. In 27 (62.

Regression of dilated perivascular spaces of the brain.

Purpose: Perivascular, or Virchow-Robin, spaces of the brain represent interstitial fluid-filled spaces continuous with subpial spaces, and not invagination of cerebrospinal fluid-filled subarachnoid spaces. Regression of a dilated, or even giant, perivascular space occurs rarely. The purpose of this paper is to describe magnetic resonance imaging evidence of complete regression of dilated perivascular spaces (dPVSs).