Eventration of diaphragm with dextrocardia and type 2 respiratory failure: A rare entity.

Eventration of the diaphragm is a rare condition where the muscle is permanently elevated, but retains its continuity and attachments to costal margin. In this condition, all or part of the diaphragm is largely composed of fibrous tissue with a few or no interspersed muscle fibers. It can be complete or partial.

Hookah smoking and lung cancer in the Kashmir valley of the Indian subcontinent.

Background: The literature about the causal relationship between lung cancer and tobacco smoking mostly concerns cigarettes. Hookah smoking is popular in the Kashmir valley of the Indian subcontinent, and is generally believed to be innocuous because of the passage of the smoke through water before inhalation.

Objective: To determine the relationship of hookah smoking to lung cancer in Kashmir.