Fate of emerging contaminants in an advanced SBR wastewater treatment and reuse facility incorporating UF, RO, and UV processes.

A critical factor for widescale water reuse adoption is the capability of advanced wastewater treatment facilities to consistently produce high-quality water by efficiently removing various pollutants, including emerging contaminants (ECs). This study monitored the fate of seventeen ECs (which included pesticides, antibiotics and other pharmaceutically active compounds) over six months in an advanced wastewater reuse facility situated in the United Arab Emirates. The facility integrates a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) based sewage treatment plant (STP) with a water recycling facility featuring ultrafiltration (UF), reverse osmosis (RO), and ultraviolet (UV) disinfection.

Overview of radon gas in groundwater around the world: Health effects and treatment technologies.

The natural radioactive decay of uranium in rocks and soils gives rise to the presence of radon in groundwater. The existence of radon in groundwater at activity levels way higher than the reference limits set by US-EPA and WHO was widely covered in literature. The exposure to elevated levels of radon in ground and drinking water have been reported in literature to cause adverse health impacts.

Preparation and characterization of clay based ceramic porous membranes and their use for the removal of lead ions from synthetic wastewater with an insight into the removal mechanism.

The present study explores the use of local clay from the United Arab Emirates (UAE) to prepare porous ceramic membranes (flat disk shape) for the purpose of removing toxic heavy metals from contaminated water. Four distinct ceramic membranes, crafted from locally sourced clay and incorporated with activated carbon and graphite, underwent careful and thorough preparation. The initial set of membranes was subjected to open-air sintering, resulting in the creation of mACA and mGrA membranes.

Facile Coaxial Electrospinning Synthesis of Polyacrylonitrile/Cellulose Acetate Nanofiber Membrane for Oil-Water Separations.

Oil-contaminated water and industrial oily wastewater discharges have adversely affected aquatic ecosystems and human safety. Membrane separation technology offers a promising solution for effective oil-water separation. Thus, a membrane with high surface area, hydrophilic-oleophobic properties, and stability is a promising candidate.

Novel composites of activated carbon and layered double oxide for the removal of sulfate from synthetic and brackish groundwater.

Sulfate (SO) is a major water and environmental concern that causes severe diarrhea, death of invertebrates and plant species, and clogging of industrial pipes. In the current work, treatment of SO from synthetic and real groundwater having 3901 mg(SO)/L was investigated for the first time using Zn-Al and Mg-Al layered double oxides doped granular activated carbon (GAC/Mg-Al LDO and GAC/Zn-Al LDO). The co-precipitation method was followed to synthesize the GAC/LDO composites using an Mg or Zn to Al molar ratio of 3:1.

Oxidized carbide-derived carbon as a novel filler for improved antifouling characteristics and permeate flux of hybrid polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membranes.

Polyethersulfone (PES) is a widely used polymer for ultrafiltration (UF) membrane fabrication. In the current study, carbide-derived carbon (CDC) oxidized by acid treatment was utilized as a filler to fabricate a novel PES composites UF membranes. The successful oxidation of CDC was validated from presence of oxygen containing functional groups and improved oxygen content, from 5.

A Comparative Analysis of the Effect of Carbonaceous Nanoparticles on the Physicochemical Properties of Hybrid Polyethersulfone Ultrafiltration Membranes.

Numerous studies have been previously reported on the use of nanoscale carbonaceous fillers, such as multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and graphene oxide (GO), in polymeric ultrafiltration (UF) membranes; however, no insight has been clearly reported on which material provides the best enhancements in membrane performance. In this study, a comparative analysis was carried out to establish a comprehensible understanding of the physicochemical properties of hybrid polyethersulfone (PES) UF membranes incorporated with MWCNTs and GO nanoparticles at various concentrations. The hybrid membranes were prepared via the non-solvent-induced phase separation process and further characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscope (AFM).

Carbide-derived carbon as an extraordinary material for the removal of chromium from an aqueous solution.

In the present work, the adsorptive removal of chromium (Cr) from water by carbide-derived carbon (CDC) was investigated. The morphology and structure of the CDC were characterized by using FTIR, SEM, TEM, XRD, and N adsorption-desorption measurements. The effect of adsorption parameters including contact time, initial Cr concentration, temperature, initial solution pH, and CDC dosage was examined on the removal of Cr ions.

Kinetic and thermodynamic investigations of surfactants adsorption from water by carbide-derived carbon.

The objective of the study is to investigate the potential of carbide-derived carbon (CDC) for the adsorptive removal of nonionic -octylphenoxy poly ethoxy ethanol (TX-100), anionic sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) and cationic 1-hexadecylpyridinium bromide (HDPB) surfactants from water. The CDC was characterized using TEM, SEM, FTIR, BET, EDS, XPS methods and zeta potential measurements. The effects of adsorption parameters included initial surfactant concentration, contact time, temperature, and pH of the feed solution were evaluated.

Faradic capacitive deionization (FCDI) for desalination and ion removal from wastewater.

Capacitive deionization (CDI) is one of the emerging desalination technologies that attracted much attention in the last years as a low-cost, energy-efficient, and environmentally-friendly alternative to other desalination technologies, such as multi-stage flash desalination (MSF) and multiple effect distillation (MED). The implementation of faradaic electrode materials is a promising method for enhancing CDI systems' performance by achieving higher salt removal characteristics, lower energy consumption, and better ion selectivity. Therefore, a novel CDI technology named Faradaic CDI (FCDI) that implements faradaic electrode materials arose as a high-performance CDI cell design.

Desalination and environment: A critical analysis of impacts, mitigation strategies, and greener desalination technologies.

The desalination of seawater is perceived as one of the most viable processes to fulfill the mounting demand for freshwater. Despite enormous economic, social, and health benefits offered by desalination, there are several concerns regarding its prospective environmental impacts (EIs). The objective of this work is to critically evaluate the potential EIs of seawater desalination, and assess the prospects of greener desalination.

Review of phosphate removal from water by carbonaceous sorbents.

In the last decades, phosphate is considered the main cause of eutrophication and has received substantial attention from the scientific community. Phosphate is a major pollutant that deteriorates water quality, which has been increasing in water resources, primarily due to the increasing global population and corresponding activities. Adsorption technology is amongst the different technologies used to decrease the phosphate levels in water, and has been found to be highly effective even at low phosphate concentrations.

Corrosion Behaviour of 316L Stainless Steel in CNTs-Water Nanofluid: Effect of Temperature.

The inhibition behavior of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and Gum Arabic (GA) on the corrosion of 316L stainless steel in CNTs-water nanofluid under the effect of different temperatures was investigated by electrochemical methods and surface analysis techniques. Thereby, 316L stainless steel samples were exposed to CNTs-water nanofluid under temperatures of 22, 40, 60 and 80 °C. Two concentrations of the CNTs (0.

Monolayer Graphene Transfer onto Hydrophilic Substrates: A New Protocol Using Electrostatic Charging.

In the present work, we developed a novel method for transferring monolayer graphene onto four different commercial hydrophilic micro/ultra-filtration substrates. The developed method used electrostatic charging to maintain the contact between the graphene and the target substrate intact during the etching step through the wet transfer process. Several measurement/analysis techniques were used in order to evaluate the properties of the surfaces and to assess the quality of the transferred graphene.

Recent progress in environmentally friendly bio-electrochemical devices for simultaneous water desalination and wastewater treatment.

Bio-electrochemical systems (BESs) use electroactive micro-organisms for degrading organic materials in wastes for energy and/or chemical production. Microbial based desalination system is a cost-effective and environmentally friendly technique that can be used for water desalination with simultaneous wastewater treatment and energy harvesting. These systems can be used as a standalone technology for water desalination such as microbial desalination cell, microbial electrolysis desalination cell, or a hybrid with other desalination technology.

Porous AlO-CNT Nanocomposite Membrane Produced by Spark Plasma Sintering with Tailored Microstructure and Properties for Water Treatment.

Ceramic-based nanocomposite membranes are gaining great attention in various applications, such as water treatment; gas separation; oil and gas, amid their superior fouling resistance and remarkable chemical/thermal stability. Here, we report for the first time the use of spark plasma sintering (SPS) process to fabricate a porous alumina-carbon nanotubes (AlO-CNT) nanocomposite membrane for water treatment. The challenge is this work is to achieve a balance between the amount of porosity, desired for a high water flux, and the membrane strength level, required to resist the applied pressure during a water flow experiment.

Corrosion Evaluation of 316L Stainless Steel in CNT-Water Nanofluid: Effect of CNTs Loading.

Polarization resistance and potentiodynamic scan testing were performed on 316L stainless steel (SS) at room temperature in carbon nanotube (CNT)-water nanofluid. Different CNT loadings of 0.05, 0.

Adsorption of phosphate on iron oxide doped halloysite nanotubes.

Excess phosphate in water is known to cause eutrophication, and its removal is imperative. Nanoclay minerals are widely used in environmental remediation due to their low-cost, adequate availability, environmental compatibility, and adsorption efficiency. However, the removal of anions with nanoclays is not very effective because of electrostatic repulsion from clay surfaces with a net negative charge.

Antibiofouling Performance by Polyethersulfone Membranes Cast with Oxidized Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes and Arabic Gum.

Despite extensive research efforts focusing on tackling membrane biofouling, one of the biggest problems associated with membrane technology, there has been little headway in this area. This study presents novel polyethersulfone (PES) membranes synthesized via a phase inversion method at incremental loadings of functionalized oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (OMWCNT) along with 1 wt. % arabic gum (AG).

Antibacterial Properties of Polysulfone Membranes Blended with Arabic Gum.

Polysulfone (PS) membranes blended with different loadings of arabic gum (AG) were synthesized using phase inversion method and the antibacterial properties of the synthesized membranes were tested using a number Gram-negative (, and ) and Gram-positive ( ) bacterial species. It was shown that AG addition to the dope polymer solutions essentially changed porous structure, hydrophilicity and zeta potential of the cast PS/AG membranes. These changes were due to the amphiphilic properties of AG macromolecules that contained negatively charged hydrophilic residues.

A Review on the Corrosion Behaviour of Nanocoatings on Metallic Substrates.

Growth in nanocoatings technology is moving towards implementing nanocoatings in many sectors of the industry due to their excellent abilities. Nanocoatings offer numerous advantages, including surface hardness, adhesive strength, long-term and/or high-temperature corrosion resistance, the enhancement of tribological properties, etc. In addition, nanocoatings can be applied in thinner and smoother thickness, which allows flexibility in equipment design, improved efficiency, lower fuel economy, lower carbon footprints, and lower maintenance and operating costs.

Engineering the Surface and Mechanical Properties of Water Desalination Membranes Using Ultralong Carbon Nanotubes.

In this work, novel polysulphone (PS) porous membranes for water desalination, incorporated with commercial and produced carbon nanotubes (CNT), were fabricated and analyzed. It was demonstrated that changing the main characteristics of CNT (e.g.

Corrigendum to "Effect of Carboxylic Functional Group Functionalized on Carbon Nanotubes Surface on the Removal of Lead from Water".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2010/603978.].

A Review of Carbon Nanomaterials' Synthesis via the Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) Method.

Carbon nanomaterials have been extensively used in many applications owing to their unique thermal, electrical and mechanical properties. One of the prime challenges is the production of these nanomaterials on a large scale. This review paper summarizes the synthesis of various carbon nanomaterials via the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method.

Surface modification of carbon nanotubes with copper oxide nanoparticles for heat transfer enhancement of nanofluids.

Over the last few years, nanoparticles have been used as thermal enhancement agents in many heat transfer based fluids to improve the thermal conductivity of the fluids. Recently, many experiments have been carried out to prepare different types of nanofluids (NFs) showing a tremendous increase in thermal conductivity of the base fluids with the addition of a small amount of nanoparticles. However, little experimental work has been proposed to calculate the flow behaviour and heat transfer of nanofluids and the exact mechanism for the increase in effective thermal conductivity in heat exchangers.