Comparative metabolites profiling of different solvent extracts of Asparagus species cladodes using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics and molecular networking.

Introduction: Asparagus species are naturally distributed worldwide and are known for their pharmacological properties that offer cures for various ailments. However, the metabolic choreography of these Asparagus species is not well characterized, and the compounds contributing to their bioactivities remain unknown.

Objective: This study aimed to profile and compare the metabolomes of three Asparagus species cladodes using different solvent extractions.

Metabolite profiling of susceptible and resistant wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars responding to Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici infection.

Background: Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) is an economically devasting disease that is prominent in cereal crops such as wheat (Triticum aestivum).

Metabolomic evaluation of PGPR defence priming in wheat ( L.) cultivars infected with f. sp. (stripe rust).

Plant-microbe interactions are a phenomenal display of symbiotic/parasitic relationships between living organisms. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are some of the most widely investigated plant-beneficial microbes due to their capabilities in stimulating plant growth and development and conferring protection to plants against biotic and abiotic stresses. As such, PGPR-mediated plant priming/induced systemic resistance (ISR) has become a hot topic among researchers, particularly with prospects of applications in sustainable agriculture.

Identification of Plant-Derived Bioactive Compounds Using Affinity Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Networking.

Affinity selection-mass spectrometry (AS-MS) is a label-free binding assay system that uses UHPLC-MS size-based separation methods to separate target-compound complexes from unbound compounds, identify bound compounds, classify compound binding sites, quantify the dissociation rate constant of compounds, and characterize affinity-extracted ligands. This label-free binding assay, in contrast to conventional biochemical (i.e.

Untargeted metabolite profiling to elucidate rhizosphere and leaf metabolome changes of wheat cultivars ( L.) treated with the plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (T22) and .

The rhizosphere is a highly complex and biochemically diverse environment that facilitates plant-microbe and microbe-microbe interactions, and this region is found between plant roots and the bulk soil. Several studies have reported plant root exudation and metabolite secretion by rhizosphere-inhabiting microbes, suggesting that these metabolites play a vital role in plant-microbe interactions. However, the biochemical constellation of the rhizosphere soil is yet to be fully elucidated and thus remains extremely elusive.

Profiling of Volatile Organic Compounds from Four Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria by SPME-GC-MS: A Metabolomics Study.

The rhizosphere microbiome is a major determinant of plant health. Plant-beneficial or plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) influence plant growth, plant development and adaptive responses, such as induced resistance/priming. These new eco-friendly choices have highlighted volatile organic compounds (biogenic VOCs) as a potentially inexpensive, effective and efficient substitute for the use of agrochemicals.

Untargeted Metabolomics Profiling of Arabidopsis WT, and Mutants Following Treatment with Two LPS Chemotypes.

Plants perceive pathogenic threats from the environment that have evaded preformed barriers through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognise microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). The perception of and triggered defence to lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) as a MAMP is well-studied in mammals, but little is known in plants, including the PRR(s). Understanding LPS-induced secondary metabolites and perturbed metabolic pathways in Arabidopsis will be key to generating disease-resistant plants and improving global plant crop yield.

Rhizosphere Tripartite Interactions and PGPR-Mediated Metabolic Reprogramming towards ISR and Plant Priming: A Metabolomics Review.

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are beneficial microorganisms colonising the rhizosphere. PGPR are involved in plant growth promotion and plant priming against biotic and abiotic stresses. Plant-microbe interactions occur through chemical communications in the rhizosphere and a tripartite interaction mechanism between plants, pathogenic microbes and plant-beneficial microbes has been defined.

Comparative Metabolite Profiling of Wheat Cultivars () Reveals Signatory Markers for Resistance and Susceptibility to Stripe Rust and Aluminium (Al) Toxicity.

Plants continuously produce essential metabolites that regulate their growth and development. The enrichment of specific metabolites determines plant interactions with the immediate environment, and some metabolites become critical in defence responses against biotic and abiotic stresses. Here, an untargeted UHPLC-qTOF-MS approach was employed to profile metabolites of wheat cultivars resistant or susceptible to the pathogen f.

Metabolomic Evaluation of Tissue-Specific Defense Responses in Tomato Plants Modulated by PGPR-Priming against Infection.

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can stimulate disease suppression through the induction of an enhanced state of defense readiness. Here, untargeted ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) and targeted ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QqQ-MS) were used to investigate metabolic reprogramming in tomato plant tissues in response to priming by N04 and T22 against . Roots were treated with the two PGPR strains prior to stem inoculation with Metabolites were methanol-extracted from roots, stems and leaves at two-eight days post-inoculation.

Concurrent Metabolic Profiling and Quantification of Aromatic Amino Acids and Phytohormones in Plants Responding to .

Pathogenic microorganisms account for large production losses in the agricultural sector. is an oomycete that causes blight and fruit rot in important crops, especially those in the Solanaceae family. infection is difficult to control due to genetic diversity, arising from sexual reproduction, and resistant spores that remain dormant in soil.

Metabolomic Profiling of the Host Response of Tomato ( Following Infection by .

Tomato () is an important dietary source of bioactive phytochemicals and active breeding programs constantly produce new cultivars possessing superior and desirable traits. The phytopathogenic , the causal agent of bacterial wilt, is a highly destructive bacterial disease with a high economic impact on tomato production. This study followed an untargeted metabolomic approach involving four tomato cultivars and aimed at the identification of secondary metabolites involved in plant defense after infection with .

Comparative Metabolic Phenotyping of Tomato () for the Identification of Metabolic Signatures in Cultivars Differing in Resistance to .

Tomato () is an important dietary source which contains numerous bioactive phytochemicals. Active breeding programs constantly produce new cultivars possessing superior and desirable traits. However, the underlying molecular signatures that functionally describe these traits are yet to be elucidated.

Metabolomics in Plant Priming Research: The Way Forward?

A new era of plant biochemistry at the systems level is emerging, providing detailed descriptions of biochemical phenomena at the cellular and organismal level. This new era is marked by the advent of metabolomics—the qualitative and quantitative investigation of the entire metabolome (in a dynamic equilibrium) of a biological system. This field has developed as an indispensable methodological approach to study cellular biochemistry at a global level.

The Chemistry of Plant-Microbe Interactions in the Rhizosphere and the Potential for Metabolomics to Reveal Signaling Related to Defense Priming and Induced Systemic Resistance.

Plant roots communicate with microbes in a sophisticated manner through chemical communication within the rhizosphere, thereby leading to biofilm formation of beneficial microbes and, in the case of plant growth-promoting rhizomicrobes/-bacteria (PGPR), resulting in priming of defense, or induced resistance in the plant host. The knowledge of plant-plant and plant-microbe interactions have been greatly extended over recent years; however, the chemical communication leading to priming is far from being well understood. Furthermore, linkage between below- and above-ground plant physiological processes adds to the complexity.

Highlighting mass spectrometric fragmentation differences and similarities between hydroxycinnamoyl-quinic acids and hydroxycinnamoyl-isocitric acids.

Background: Plants contain a myriad of metabolites which exhibit diverse biological activities. However, in-depth analyses of these natural products with current analytical platforms remains an undisputed challenge due to the multidimensional chemo-diversity of these molecules, amplified by both isomerization and conjugation. In this study, we looked at molecules such as hydroxyl-cinnamic acids (HCAs), which are known to exist as positional and geometrical isomers conjugated to different organic acids namely quinic- and isocitric acid.

Profiling of Altered Metabolomic States in Cells Induced by Priming Agents.

Metabolomics has developed into a valuable tool for advancing our understanding of plant metabolism. Plant innate immune defenses can be activated and enhanced so that, subsequent to being pre-sensitized, plants are able to launch a stronger and faster defense response upon exposure to pathogenic microorganisms, a phenomenon known as priming. Here, three contrasting chemical activators, namely acibenzolar-S-methyl, azelaic acid and riboflavin, were used to induce a primed state in cells.

Phenylpropanoid Defences in Nicotiana tabacum Cells: Overlapping Metabolomes Indicate Common Aspects to Priming Responses Induced by Lipopolysaccharides, Chitosan and Flagellin-22.

Plants have evolved both constitutive and inducible defence strategies to cope with different biotic stimuli and stresses. Exposure of a plant to a challenging stress can lead to a primed state that allows it to launch a more rapid and stronger defence. Here we applied a metabolomic approach to study and compare the responses induced in Nicotiana tabacum cells by microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP) molecules, namely lipopolysaccharides (LPS), chitosan (CHT) and flagellin-22 (FLG22).

Analyses of chlorogenic acids and related cinnamic acid derivatives from Nicotiana tabacum tissues with the aid of UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS based on the in-source collision-induced dissociation method.

Background: Chlorogenic acids (CGAs) are a class of phytochemicals that are formed as esters between different derivatives of cinnamic acid and quinic acid molecules. In plants, accumulation of these compounds has been linked to several physiological responses against various stress factors; however, biochemical synthesis differs from one plant to another. Although structurally simple, the analysis of CGA molecules with modern analytical platforms poses an analytical challenge.