Associations of personality trait level and change with mortality risk in 11 longitudinal studies.

People who are higher in conscientiousness, extraversion, and agreeableness and lower in neuroticism tend to live longer. The present research tested the hypothesis that personality trait change in middle and older adulthood would also be associated with mortality risk, above and beyond personality trait level. Personality trait change may causally influence mortality risk through corresponding changes in health behaviors, social processes, and stress experience.

Review: Systematic review and meta-analysis - financial incentives increase engagement with parenting programs for disruptive behavior problems.

Background: To evaluate the effect of financial incentives on engagement in parenting programs for disruptive behavior disorders, as well as effect on child behavior. As a secondary aim, demographic differences were investigated as effect modifiers.

Methods: We searched PubMed, CINAHL, Sociological Abstracts, Cochrane Trials, and PsycINFO for randomized controlled trials and quasi experimental studies offering parents a financial incentive for engagement with parenting programs targeting disruptive behavior in children aged under 18, vs no incentive.

Asymmetric right ventricular myocardial work correlates with gold standard measurements of cardiac function in pulmonary hypertension.

Right ventricular (RV) (dys)function determines outcomes in pulmonary hypertension (PH). We previously found that asymmetric RV myocardial work (MW) corresponds with inefficient RV function in experimental PH models. We therefore aimed to investigate regional distribution of RV MW and its correlation with catheter hemodynamics in children with PH.

Radiation Reduction in Paediatric Cardiac Catheterization: We Can Go Even Lower.

Background: Radiation reduction is an integral component in the management of a paediatric cardiac catheterization laboratory. Simple and easily implementable protocol changes and technical upgrades have been shown to significantly reduce radiation exposure.

Methods: Radiation exposures (2020-2022) at Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Israel (unit A: n = 672) were retrospectively reviewed, including dose area product (DAP) (μGy m), DAP/kg, Air Kerma (mGy), and fluoroscopy time (minutes) for 16 procedural types.

A 3D Statistical Shape Model of the Right Ventricular Outflow Tract in Pulmonary Valve Replacement Patients Post-Surgical Repair.

Assessment of the right ventricular outflow tract and pulmonary arteries (RVOT) for percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation (PPVI) uses discrete measurements (diameters and lengths) from medical images. This multi-centre study identified the 3D RVOT shape features prevalent in patients late after surgical repair of congenital heart disease (CHD). A 3D RVOT statistical shape model (SSM) was computed from 81 retrospectively selected CHD patients (14.

Impact of Right Ventricular Pressure Overload on Myocardial Stiffness Assessed by Natural Wave Imaging.

Background: Right ventricular (RV) hemodynamic performance determines the prognosis of patients with RV pressure overload. Using ultrafast ultrasound, natural wave velocity (NWV) induced by cardiac valve closure was proposed as a new surrogate to quantify myocardial stiffness.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess RV NWV in rodent models and children with RV pressure overload vs control subjects and to correlate NWV with RV hemodynamic parameters.

Kinematics of Two Special Endurance Trials: A Methodological Contribution to 400-m Performance.

This study aimed to determine changes in the kinematics of sprint steps based on progressive muscular fatigue during high-intensity 350-m and 500-m trials. Twelve elite healthy male 400-m sprinters with a minimum of six years of regular sprint training experience were recruited. They were divided into two groups for the experiment: a 350-m and a 500-m trial group.

The effectiveness and types of serves used in elite women's and men's volleyball in the 2021/2022 season.

In elite volleyball, the serve takes an offensive form, aiming to directly score a point or significantly hinder the opponent from launching an attack. Which is why the research aimed to compare the type and effectiveness of the serve in the main round of Tauron and PlusLiga in the 2021/2022 season and update the current knowledge on the types of serves by function and gender. The study analysed observation consisted of 314 women's and men's matches.

Obstacles to Biosimilar Acceptance and Uptake in Oncology: A Review.

Importance: Biosimilar drugs provide cost-effective yet clinically indistinguishable replications of target drugs. During initial development, this class of biologic medicines was expected to revolutionize pharmaceutical markets; however, following US Food and Drug Administration approval of the first biosimilar drug in 2015, the commercialization of biosimilars has been limited. The lack of biosimilar use may be especially salient in oncology, given that biosimilar distribution in this particularly high-cost area of medicine would bring savings on the order of many billions of dollars.

Echocardiographic assessment of cardiovascular physiology of preterm miniature piglets supported with a pumped artificial placenta system.

Objectives: We evaluated fetal cardiovascular physiology and mode of cardiac failure in premature miniature piglets on a pumped artificial placenta (AP) circuit.

Methods: Fetal pigs were cannulated via the umbilical vessels and transitioned to an AP circuit composed of a centrifugal pump and neonatal oxygenator and maintained in a fluid-filled biobag. Echocardiographic studies were conducted to measure ventricular function, umbilical blood flow, and fluid status.

Do We Become More Lonely With Age? A Coordinated Data Analysis of Nine Longitudinal Studies.

Loneliness is a pervasive experience with adverse impacts on health and well-being. Despite its significance, notable gaps impede a full understanding of how loneliness changes across the adult life span and what factors influence these changes. To address this, we conducted a coordinated data analysis of nine longitudinal studies encompassing 128,118 participants ages 13 to 103 from over 20 countries.

Valuing versus having: The contrary roles of valuing and having money and prestige on well-being.

Using data from Midlife in the United States (=3,767), this study investigates how believing having money or occupational prestige is important for a good life is associated with different aspects of well-being. Actual income was positively associated with sense of purpose, personal growth, self-acceptance, environmental mastery, and life satisfaction, negatively associated with negative affect, and was not associated with autonomy, positive relations with others, or positive affect. Meanwhile, perceiving having enough money or extra money as important for a good life predicted well-being across all nine well-being indicators.

Approaches to protocol standardization and data harmonization in the ECHO-wide cohort study.

The United States (U.S.) National Institutes of Health-funded Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO)-wide Cohort was established to conduct high impact, transdisciplinary science to improve child health and development.

Associations Between Generativity and Social Asymmetry Among Older Adults in Japan.

Objectives: Loneliness and social isolation are major public health concerns among older adults in Japan. Generativity, the concern for and commitment to future generations, may buffer older adults from loneliness. This study examined the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between generativity and social asymmetry (the discrepancy between social isolation and loneliness) among older adults in Japan.

Longitudinal associations among the Big Five personality traits and healthcare utilization in the U.S.

Objective: One critical component of individual and public health is healthcare utilization, or the extent to which individuals have routine check-ups, schedule treatments, or use emergency services. However, we know little about who uses healthcare services and what types, the conditions that exacerbate utilization, or the factors that explain why people seek out services. The present study fills these gaps in the literature by investigating the role of personality factors in predicting various forms of healthcare utilization, how these associations vary by age, socioeconomic resources, and chronic conditions, as well as one potential psychological mediating mechanism (i.

Availability of Cognitive Resources in Early Life Predicts Transitions Between Cognitive States in Middle and Older Adults From Europe.

Background And Objectives: The existing literature highlights the importance of reading books in middle-to-older adulthood for cognitive functioning; very few studies, however, have examined the importance of childhood cognitive resources for cognitive outcomes later in life.

Research Design And Methods: Using data from 11 countries included in the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) data set ( = 32,783), multistate survival models (MSMs) were fit to examine the importance of access to reading material in childhood on transitions through cognitive status categories (no cognitive impairment and impaired cognitive functioning) and death. Additionally, using the transition probabilities estimated by the MSMs, we estimated the remaining years of life without cognitive impairment and total longevity.

Personality predictors of dementia diagnosis and neuropathological burden: An individual participant data meta-analysis.

Introduction: The extent to which the Big Five personality traits and subjective well-being (SWB) are discriminatory predictors of clinical manifestation of dementia versus dementia-related neuropathology is unclear.

Methods: Using data from eight independent studies (N = 44,531; N = 1703; baseline M = 49 to 81 years, 26 to 61% female; M range = 3.53 to 21.

Personality Science in the Digital Age: The Promises and Challenges of Psychological Targeting for Personalized Behavior-Change Interventions at Scale.

With the rapidly growing availability of scalable psychological assessments, personality science holds great promise for the scientific study and applied use of customized behavior-change interventions. To facilitate this development, we propose a classification system that divides psychological targeting into two approaches that differ in the process by which interventions are designed: audience-to-content matching or content-to-audience matching. This system is both integrative and generative: It allows us to (a) integrate existing research on personalized interventions from different psychological subdisciplines (e.

Is there intergenerational continuity in early life experiences? Findings from the Harvard Study of Adult Development.

There has been longstanding and widespread interdisciplinary interest in understanding intergenerational processes, or the extent to which conditions repeat themselves across generations. However, due to the difficulty of collecting longitudinal, multigenerational data on early life conditions, less is known about the extent to which offspring experience the same early life conditions that their parents experienced in their own early lives. Using data from a socioeconomically diverse, White U.

Associations for Sense of Purpose with Smoking and Health Outcomes Among Adults with Diabetes.

Background: Health complications from diabetes place major strain on individuals, financially and emotionally. The onset and severity of these complications are largely driven by patients' behaviors, making psychosocial factors that influence behaviors key targets for interventions. One promising factor is sense of purpose or the degree to which a person believes their life has direction.

Influence of jump height on the game efficiency in elite volleyball players.

The aim of the study was to verify the impact of the jump height measured during the serve, attack and block on their effectiveness. The analysis of the literature and observations lead to the hypothesis that despite the similarities in men's and women's volleyball, the nature of the way of playing between women and men differs. The observation covered 39 male and 24 female elite volleyball players.