The use of intrathecal morphine for acute postoperative pain in lower limb arthroplasty surgery: a survey of practice at an academic hospital.

Background And Purpose Of The Study: Intrathecal morphine (ITM) provides optimal postoperative analgesia in patients who are scheduled for total knee and hip operation with spinal anaesthesia. However, the ideal dose at which maximal analgesic effect occurs with minimal side effects is not known. This study aimed to describe the use of two doses of ITM and side effect profile in patients undergoing elective hip and knee arthroplasty.