Chemokine Receptor-4 Targeted PET/CT Imaging with Ga-Pentixafor in Head and Neck Cancer-A Comparison with F-FDG and CXCR4 Immunohistochemistry.

Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is common, and its incidence is increasing, particularly in HIV-infected individuals who present with more aggressive disease. Despite aggressive treatment, the prognosis remains poor because of resistance to chemoradiation therapy. So far, studies report very low [Ga]Ga-Pentixafor avidity in HNSCC.

Spatial distribution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis mRNA and secreted antigens in acid-fast negative human antemortem and resected tissue.

Background: The ability to detect evidence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection within human tissues is critical to the study of Mtb physiology, tropism, and spatial distribution within TB lesions. The capacity of the widely-used Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) staining method for identifying Mtb acid-fast bacilli (AFB) in tissue is highly variable, which can limit detection of Mtb bacilli for research and diagnostic purposes. Here, we sought to circumvent these limitations via detection of Mtb mRNA and secreted antigens in human tuberculous tissue.

Detection of in human tissue via RNA hybridization.

Rationale: Accurate TB diagnosis is hampered by the variable efficacy of the widely-used Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) staining method to identify ( ) acid-fast bacilli (AFB). Here, we sought to circumvent this current limitation through direct detection of mRNA.

Objectives: To employ RNAscope to determine the spatial distribution of mRNA within tuberculous human tissue, to appraise ZN-negative tissue from confirmed TB patients, and to provide proof-of-concept of RNAscope as a platform to inform TB diagnosis and biology.

A high-resolution 3D atlas of the spectrum of tuberculous and COVID-19 lung lesions.

Our current understanding of the spectrum of TB and COVID-19 lesions in the human lung is limited by a reliance on low-resolution imaging platforms that cannot provide accurate 3D representations of lesion types within the context of the whole lung. To characterize TB and COVID-19 lesions in 3D, we applied micro/nanocomputed tomography to surgically resected, postmortem, and paraffin-embedded human lung tissue. We define a spectrum of TB pathologies, including cavitary lesions, calcium deposits outside and inside necrotic granulomas and mycetomas, and vascular rearrangement.

Diphtheritic myocarditis: a case report, with toxinmediated complications and multi-organ involvement.

The re-emergence of diphtheria in South Africa in recent years warns of incomplete vaccination coverage. Recent outbreaks have been associated with a high mortality rate, due to late presentation, limited access to antitoxin and the occurrence of serious systemic complications. Death due to diphtheria is most commonly associated with diphtheritic myocarditis, which presents with heart failure, cardiogenic shock and conduction abnormalities.