Industrial applications of immobilized nano-biocatalysts.

Immobilized enzyme-based catalytic constructs could greatly improve various industrial processes due to their extraordinary catalytic activity and reaction specificity. In recent decades, nano-enzymes, defined as enzyme immobilized on nanomaterials, gained popularity for the enzymes' improved stability, reusability, and ease of separation from the biocatalytic process. Thus, enzymes can be strategically incorporated into nanostructured materials to engineer nano-enzymes, such as nanoporous particles, nanofibers, nanoflowers, nanogels, nanomembranes, metal-organic frameworks, multi-walled or single-walled carbon nanotubes, and nanoparticles with tuned shape and size.

Improved features of a highly stable protease from Penaeus vannamei by immobilization on glutaraldehyde activated graphene oxide nanosheets.

In this study, we report the synthesis of graphene oxide nanosheets (GON) by a modified Hummers method. Then, a protease purified from the Penaeus vannamei shrimp was immobilized on the GON activated with glutaraldehyde. Several techniques such as SEM, DLS and FTIR were applied to characterize the different nano-structures at the different levels.

Penaeus vannamei protease stabilizing process of ZnS nanoparticles.

The protease enzyme purified from the Penaeus vannamei shrimp has unique properties, so improving the stability of this enzyme can improve their practical applications. In this study, ZnS nanoparticles, which have special properties for enzyme immobilization, were synthesized using a chemical precipitation method, and Penaeus vannamei protease was successfully immobilized on them. The size, structure, and morphology of the ZnS nanoparticles, and the immobilization of the protease were studied, using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) analysis.