Maximum number of children per sperm donor based on false paternity rate.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to estimate the weight of each relevant factor in such unions of inadvertent consanguinity and to determine a "reasonable" limit for the number of children per donor, matching the probability of inadvertent consanguinity arising from the use of sperm donor in assisted reproduction with that of such a union arising from false paternity.

Methods: In this study, we applied to Spanish data a mathematical model of consanguineous unions, taking into account the following factors: maximum number of live births/donor, fertility rate, average number of births per donor in a pregnancy, donor success rate, matings per phenotype, number of newborns/year, and number of donors needed in the population/year and births by false paternity.

Results: In Spain, the number of inadvertent unions between descendants of the same donor in Spain has been estimated at 0.

PERINATAL OUTCOMES OF PREMATURITY AND BIRTH WEIGHT ACCORDING TO MATERNAL CAFFEINE CONSUMPTION.

Unlabelled: Objetive: identify whether there is an increased risk of adverse perinatal outcomes, like prematurity or decreased weight in newborns, associated with caffeine consumption during the first half of pregnancy in pregnant women of our population.

Methods: transversal study carried out in 1 175 patients from Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital of Granada (Spain). Information about caffeine consumption during first half of gestation and perinatal outcomes was obtained by personal interview, medical records and telephone call after delivery.

Cumulative live birth rate after two single frozen embryo transfers (eSFET) versus a double frozen embryo transfer (DFET) with cleavage stage embryos: a retrospective cohort study.

Purpose: According to the latest ART report for Europe, about 13% of pregnancies after frozen embryo transfer are multiple. Our objective was to analyse the impact on the multiple pregnancy rate of two eSFET (elective single frozen embryo transfers) versus a DFET (double frozen embryo transfer) in women aged under 38 years, who had not achieved pregnancy in their fresh transfer and who had at least two vitrified embryos of A/B quality.

Methods: This study was conducted from January 2010 to June 2013 at a public hospital.

Patient safety and adverse events related with obstetric care.

Purpose: To determine the frequency and distribution of Adverse Events (AE) in obstetrics departments at Spanish hospitals.

Methods: We present a retrospective cohort study including 816 women admitted to the obstetrics departments at 41 hospitals that took part in the National Adverse Effects Study in Spain (ENEAS) and an extension of this study in all hospitals located in two Autonomous Regions. To identify AE, nurses from each participating hospital examined all medical records, and completed a validated screening guide.

Randomised clinical trial comparing elective single-embryo transfer followed by single-embryo cryotransfer versus double embryo transfer.

Objective: To analyze the impact of the eSET followed by single-embryo cryotransfer versus double embryo transfer in older women (<38 years) without taking into account embryo quality.

Study Design: This is a prospective randomised clinical trial performed on 194 couples attempting a first IVF cycle in a Public Hospital in Spain. The women in Group 1 received eSET plus a single-embryo cryotransfer, and those in Group 2 received a double embryo transfer (DET).

Adherence to reporting guidelines in observational studies concerning exposure to persistent organic pollutants and effects on semen parameters.

Study Question: Are studies on semen quality in men exposed to persistent pesticides reported according to the 'strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology' (STROBE) recommendations and the guidelines for the appraisal of semen quality studies (SEMQUA)?

Summary Answer: Most studies of the impact of pesticides on semen quality do not follow the STROBE and SEMQUA guidelines, thus adherence is low, especially in methodological aspects.

What Is Known Already: Much of the controversy about reduced semen quality in recent decades arises from a lack of standardization in the methodology applied, despite the existence of several validated instruments for evaluating the quality of reporting. Indeed, SEMQUA was purpose-designed for the particular characteristics of semen quality studies.

Pelvic abscess after oocyte retrieval in women with endometriosis: A case series.

Background: Pelvic inflammatory disease with progression to pelvic abscess is a rare complication after oocyte retrieval during in vitro fertilization cycles. However, in patients with endometriosis the risk appears to be increased. Many authors agree on the need for antibiotic prophylaxis during the oocyte retrieval in these patients, but there is no consensus regarding the best antibiotic.

Assisted reproductive technology and obstetric outcome in couples when the male partner has a chronic viral disease.

Background: Assisted reproductive technology (ART) with washed semen can achieve pregnancy with minimal risk of horizontal and vertical transmission of chronic viral diseases (CVD) such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepati- tis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) among serodiscordant couples. How- ever, few studies have been made of the use made by these couples of ARTs or of the obstetric results achieved.

Materials And Methods: In this retrospective study, 93 men who were seropositive for HIV, HCV or HBV and who underwent assisted reproduction treatment at our centre (Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain) were included.

Improving patient safety by detecting obstetric care-related adverse events: application of a new screening guide.

Purpose: Determining the magnitude and importance of patient safety-related incidents and the effectiveness of measures to improve patient safety (PS) are high-priority goals in efforts to improve the quality of obstetric care. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of the MRF1-OBST screening guide in detecting adverse events in women who received obstetric care.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 244 women who were hospitalized for delivery.

Genetic testing of sperm donors for cystic fibrosis and spinal muscular atrophy: evaluation of clinical utility.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical utility of genetic testing for cystic fibrosis (CF) and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) in sperm donors.

Study Design: We studied the results of the genetic tests for CF and SMA applied to 372 sperm donor candidates. The CF carrier screening test analysed 32 mutations on the CFTR gene.

Proposal of guidelines for the appraisal of SEMen QUAlity studies (SEMQUA).

Study Question: Is there a need for a specific guide addressing studies of seminal quality?

Summary Answer: The proposed guidelines for the appraisal of SEMinal QUAlity studies (SEMQUA) reflect the need for improvement in methodology and research on semen quality.

What Is Known Already: From an examination of other instruments used to assess the quality of diagnostic studies, there was no guideline on studies of seminal quality.

Study Design, Size And Duration: Through systematic bibliographic search, potential items were identified and grouped into four blocks: participants, analytical methods, statistical methods and results.

Early embryonic morphology sonographically assessed and its correlation with yolk sac in missed abortion.

Purpose: To provide additional information about embryo morphology sonographic assessment and its correlation with yolk sac.

Methods: A systematic study in 200 consecutive cases of missed abortion <10 weeks diagnosed by transvaginal ultrasound.

Results: In 104 gestations of embryos with morphological abnormalities, 88 (84.

Acceptable variability in external quality assessment programmes for basic semen analysis.

Background: External quality assessment is essential in modern andrology laboratories. To assess the proficiency of laboratories participating in an external quality assessment programme (EQAP), limits for acceptable variability must be determined. Limits currently specified largely depend on criteria set by the organizers of individual EQAP schemes.

Reducing inter-observer variability in embryo evaluation by means of training courses.

Purpose: To study the utility of a training session offered to junior embryologists, comparing the results obtained with those reported by a group of senior embryologists.

Methods: The 62 junior embryologists participanting were asked to decide on the quality of the embryos and theg clinical decision to be taken.

Results: The junior embryologists' success rate following the training course was significantly higher than before for embryo classification (48.

Obstetric and perinatal outcome in women with twin pregnancy and gestational diabetes.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate pregnancy complications and obstetric and perinatal outcomes in women with twin pregnancy and GDM. STUD DESIGN: An observational multicentre retrospective study was performed and 534 pregnant woman and 1068 twins infants allocated into two groups, 257 with GDM and 277 controls, were studied.

Main Outcome Measures: Pregnant women characteristics, hypertensive complications, preterm delivery rate, mode of delivery and birthweight were analysed.

PGS-FISH in reproductive medicine and perspective directions for improvement: a systematic review.

Introduction: Embryo selection can be carried out via morphological criteria or by using genetic studies based on Preimplantation Genetic Screening. In the present study, we evaluate the clinical validity of Preimplantation Genetic Screening with fluorescence in situ hybridization (PGS-FISH) compared with morphological embryo criteria.

Material And Methods: A systematic review was made of the bibliography, with the following goals: firstly, to determine the prevalence of embryo chromosome alteration in clinical situations in which the PGS-FISH technique has been used; secondly, to calculate the statistics of diagnostic efficiency (negative Likelihood Ratio), using 2 × 2 tables, derived from PGS-FISH.

Lowering the age at menarche and risk of early menarche in a population of Spanish postmenopausal women during the past two decades.

Aim: The purpose of this study is to confirm in our population the decreasing secular trend in the age of menarche (AAM) observed in other European countries. Another aim is to investigate the association between early menarche and breast cancer, metabolic disorders risk or early menopause.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a nationwide population-based study of 1980 Caucasoid Spanish postmenopausal women from 2003 to 2006 to investigate the AAM, the duration of the fertile period and the relation of early menarche with breast cancer and some metabolic disorders.

Multigenic combination of estrogen-related genes is associated with age at natural menopause in a Spanish population.

Objective: Age at natural menopause (ANM) can be considered a complex parameter that depends on the interaction of multiple factors. In the present study, the role of interaction between genetic variants within estrogen synthesis and signalling pathways in the ANM in Spanish women is studied.

Material And Methods: Nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located at different candidate genes related to the estrogen signalling pathway were analysed in 1980 Spanish postmenopausal women.

Maternal glucose tolerance status influences the risk of macrosomia in male but not in female fetuses.

Objective: To elucidate whether the risk of macrosomia, large for gestational age (LGA) and small for gestational age (SGA) is influenced by maternal body mass index and glucose tolerance differently in male and female fetuses.

Methods: A population study was conducted in 16 general hospitals from the Spanish National Health Service that included 9270 consecutive women with singleton pregnancies and without a former diagnosis of diabetes mellitus who delivered 4793 male and 4477 female newborns. Logistic regression analyses were performed to predict the effect of body mass index (BMI) category and glucose tolerance on macrosomia, large for gestational age newborns (LGA) and small for gestational age newborns (SGA) Separate analyses according to foetal sex were carried out for each outcome.

Factors influencing pregnancy outcome in women with type 2 versus type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Aim: To compare pregnancy outcome and factors related to adverse perinatal outcome in women with type 1 versus type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).

Material And Methods: Multicentre retrospective study. Some 404 women were studied, 257 with type 1 DM and 147 with type 2 DM.

Body mass index has a greater impact on pregnancy outcomes than gestational hyperglycaemia.

Aims/hypothesis: We evaluated diabetes-related pregnancy outcomes in a cohort of Spanish women in relation to their glucose tolerance status, prepregnancy BMI and other predictive variables.

Methods: The present paper is part of a prospective study to evaluate the impact of American Diabetes Association (2000) criteria in the Spanish population. A total of 9,270 pregnant women were studied and categorised as follows according to prepregnancy BMI quartiles and glucose tolerance status: (1) negative screenees; (2) false-positive screenees; (3) gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) according to American Diabetes Association criteria only; and (4) GDM according to National Diabetes Data Group criteria (NDDG).

Potential impact of American Diabetes Association (2000) criteria for diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus in Spain.

Aims/hypothesis: This study was carried out to determine the impact of American Diabetes Association (ADA) 2000 criteria for the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in the Spanish population.

Methods: Pregnant women were assigned to one of four categories: negative screenees, false-positive screenees, ADA-only-GDM (untreated) and GDM according to National Diabetes Data Group (NDDG) criteria (treated). Fetal macrosomia and Caesarean section were defined as primary outcomes, with seven additional secondary outcomes.

Successful pregnancy in a woman with acromegaly treated with somatostatin analog (octreotide) prior to surgical resection.

A 27-year-old woman with a GH-secreting pituitary macroadenoma was treated with continuous s.c. infusion of octreotide prior to surgical resection.

Influence of obstetric and perinatal care on perinatal mortality.

Objective: Cases of perinatal death attributed to suboptimal perinatal care between 1979 and 1992 inclusive at a large, tertiary care center are reviewed.

Study Design: The study compared two periods: 1979-1985 and 1986-1992. The perinatal morbidity-mortality committee analyzed patient records for the mothers and neonates, delivery room records, the results of fetal autopsy, and histological sections of the placenta.