Hypothalamic Supramammillary Control of Cognition and Motivation.

The supramammillary nucleus (SuM) is a small region in the ventromedial posterior hypothalamus. The SuM has been relatively understudied with much of the prior focus being on its connection with septo-hippocampal circuitry. Thus, most studies conducted until the 21st century examined its role in hippocampal processes, such as theta rhythm and learning/memory.

Medical Image Fusion using bi-dimensional empirical mode decomposition (BEMD) and an Efficient Fusion Scheme.

Background: Medical image fusion is being widely used for capturing complimentary information from images of different modalities. Combination of useful information presented in medical images is the aim of image fusion techniques, and the fused image will exhibit more information in comparison with source images.

Objective: In the current study, a BEMD-based multi-modal medical image fusion technique is utilized.

Bayesian reconstruction of transmission trees from genetic sequences and uncertain infection times.

Genetic sequence data of pathogens are increasingly used to investigate transmission dynamics in both endemic diseases and disease outbreaks. Such research can aid in the development of appropriate interventions and in the design of studies to evaluate them. Several computational methods have been proposed to infer transmission chains from sequence data; however, existing methods do not generally reliably reconstruct transmission trees because genetic sequence data or inferred phylogenetic trees from such data contain insufficient information for accurate estimation of transmission chains.

Long-range temporal correlation in Auditory Brainstem Responses to Spoken Syllable/da/.

The speech auditory brainstem response (sABR) is an objective clinical tool to diagnose particular impairments along the auditory brainstem pathways. We explore the scaling behavior of the brainstem in response to synthetic /da/ stimuli using a proposed pipeline including Multifractal Detrended Moving Average Analysis (MFDMA) modified by Singular Value Decomposition. The scaling exponent confirms that all normal sABR are classified into the non-stationary process.

Visibility graph analysis of speech evoked auditory brainstem response in persistent developmental stuttering.

In this research, the concept of fractality based on nonlinear science and chaos theory is explored to study and evaluate the complexity of speech-evoked auditory brainstem response (s-ABR) time series in order to capture its intrinsic multiscale dynamics. The visibility graph of the s-ABR series is proposed as a quantitative method to differentiate subjects with persistent developmental stuttering (PDS) from the normal group. Differential complexities between normal and PDS subjects is quantified using Graph index complexity (GIC).