Scope of nursing work and models of service delivery in Australian primary and secondary schools: a scoping review protocol.

Objective: The objective of this review is to generate a national picture of the scope of nursing work and models of service delivery in Australian primary and secondary schools.

Introduction: Schools are an important setting for providing health services to school-aged children and youth. Early intervention with identified health needs has the potential to improve health and educational outcomes across the life course.

C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP): The cardiovascular system and beyond.

C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) represents the 'local' member of the natriuretic peptide family, functioning in an autocrine or paracrine capacity to modulate a hugely diverse portfolio of physiological processes. Whilst the best-characterised of these regulatory roles are in the cardiovascular system, akin to its predominantly endocrine siblings atrial (ANP) and brain (BNP) natriuretic peptides, CNP governs many additional, unrelated mechanisms including bone growth, gamete maturation, auditory processing, and neuronal integrity. Furthermore, there is currently great interest in mimicking the biological activity of CNP for therapeutic gain in many of these disparate organ systems.

Hidden and unacknowledged: The mental health and psychosocial interventions delivered by school nurses in Western Australia.

Schools are an important setting for the early identification, assessment and intervention of mental health problems in children and young people. Internationally, many nurses work in schools, but the role of this group with young people experiencing mental health problems has had only limited investigation. This study explored the activities school nurses undertook with young people experiencing mental health problems in Australia.

Multi-channel auto-encoders for learning domain invariant representations enabling superior classification of histopathology images.

Domain shift is a problem commonly encountered when developing automated histopathology pipelines. The performance of machine learning models such as convolutional neural networks within automated histopathology pipelines is often diminished when applying them to novel data domains due to factors arising from differing staining and scanning protocols. The Dual-Channel Auto-Encoder (DCAE) model was previously shown to produce feature representations that are less sensitive to appearance variation introduced by different digital slide scanners.

A parent first: Exploring the support needs of parents caring for a child with medical complexity in Australia.

Purpose: In a recent paediatric nursing research priority setting study, youth, parents and healthcare professionals included 'practical and emotional support' among the top ten areas to focus on. The aim of this study was to explore the support needs of parents who have a child with medical complexity living in the family home.

Design: Exploratory with a qualitative inductive approach.

Virtual care exercise interventions in multidisciplinary chronic pain clinics: a qualitative study of perspectives of adults living with chronic pain.

Purpose: Chronic pain affects 1 in 4 Canadians and is a leading contributor of disability. Although virtual care has become more prevalent, it is unclear how adults living with chronic pain perceive virtual delivery of exercise interventions within multidisciplinary chronic pain clinics (MCPC). This study explores the perspectives of adults living with chronic pain regarding their perceived barriers and facilitators and recommendations when implementing virtual care exercise interventions within MCPCs.

Pre- and peri-operative clinical information, physiological observations and outcome measures following flexible ureterorenoscopy (FURS), for the treatment of kidney stones. A single-centre observational clinical pilot-study in 51 patients.

Background: Kidney stone disease contributes to a significant proportion of routine urological practice and remains a common cause of worldwide morbidity. The main aim of this clinical-pilot study was to investigate the effect of flexible ureterorenoscopy (FURS) on pre- and peri-operative clinical information, physiological observations and outcome measures.

Methods: Included were 51 patients (31 males, 20 females), who underwent elective FURS, for the treatment of kidney stones.

C-type natriuretic peptide is a pivotal regulator of metabolic homeostasis.

Thermogenesis and adipogenesis are tightly regulated mechanisms that maintain lipid homeostasis and energy balance; dysfunction of these critical processes underpins obesity and contributes to cardiometabolic disease. C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) fulfills a multimodal protective role in the cardiovascular system governing local blood flow, angiogenesis, cardiac function, and immune cell reactivity. Herein, we investigated a parallel, preservative function for CNP in coordinating metabolic homeostasis.

An : Exploring Experiences of Secondary School Nurses Who Encounter Young People with Mental Health Problems.

School nurses have reported stress and worry caring for young people experiencing mental health problems, but why this occurs and how they respond has not been well-explored. In this study researchers generated a substantive theory of the experiences of secondary school nurses who encountered young people with mental health problems using the original method of grounded theory. Thirty-one Western Australian school nurse participants reported that students presented with complex mental and social health needs that were not easily resolved.

Rotational Stability of the Clareon Monofocal Aspheric Hydrophobic Acrylic Intraocular Lens 6 Months After Implantation.

Purpose: To determine the rotational stability of the Clareon aspheric, monofocal, intraocular lens (IOL) up to 6 months after implantation.

Methods: This prospective, single-arm clinical study evaluated rotational stability of the Clareon IOL in a subset of subjects (n=141, 6 sites) that participated in an investigational device exemption trial for the Clareon IOL. The Clareon model (SY60CL) used in this subset was a non-toric IOL with toric axis markings to measure IOL rotation.

Multidrug resistance proteins preferentially regulate natriuretic peptide-driven cGMP signalling in the heart and vasculature.

Background And Purpose: cGMP underpins the bioactivity of NO and natriuretic peptides and is key to cardiovascular homeostasis. cGMP-driven responses are terminated primarily by PDEs, but cellular efflux via multidrug resistance proteins (MRPs) might contribute. Herein, the effect of pharmacological blockade of MRPs on cGMP signalling in the heart and vasculature was investigated in vitro and in vivo.

The role of phagocytic leukocytes following flexible ureterenoscopy, for the treatment of kidney stones: an observational, clinical pilots-study.

Background: The number of patients undergoing flexible ureterenoscopy (FURS) for the treatment of kidney stones (renal calculi) is increasing annually, and as such the development of post-operative complications, such as acute kidney injury (AKI), haematuria and infection is likely to increase. Phagocytic leukocytes are white blood cells that help fight foreign material such as bacteria and viruses, and they are intrinsically involved in the inflammatory reaction. Investigating the role of phagocytic leukocytes following FURS has not been widely researched.

Vascular K channels protect from cardiac dysfunction and preserve cardiac metabolism during endotoxemia.

K channels in the vasculature composed of Kir6.1 regulate vascular tone and may contribute to the pathogenesis of endotoxemia. We used mice with cell-specific deletion of Kir6.

Shock wave lithotripsy, for the treatment of kidney stones, results in changes to routine blood tests and novel biomarkers: a prospective clinical pilot-study.

Background: The number of patients undergoing shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) for kidney stones is increasing annually, and as such the development of post-operative complications, such as haematuria and acute kidney injury (AKI) following SWL, is likely to increase. The aim of the study was to evaluate changes in routine blood and novel biomarkers following SWL, for the treatment of kidney stones.

Methods: Twelve patients undergoing SWL for solitary unilateral kidney stones were recruited.

C-type Natriuretic Peptide: A Multifaceted Paracrine Regulator in the Heart and Vasculature.

C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) is an autocrine and paracrine mediator released by endothelial cells, cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts that regulates vital physiological functions in the cardiovascular system. These roles are conveyed via two cognate receptors, natriuretic peptide receptor B (NPR-B) and natriuretic peptide receptor C (NPR-C), which activate different signalling pathways that mediate complementary yet distinct cellular responses. Traditionally, CNP has been deemed the endothelial component of the natriuretic peptide system, while its sibling peptides, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), are considered the endocrine guardians of cardiac function and blood volume.

C-type natriuretic peptide co-ordinates cardiac structure and function.

Aims: C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) is an essential endothelium-derived signalling species that governs vascular homoeostasis; CNP is also expressed in the heart but an intrinsic role for the peptide in cardiac function is not established. Herein, we employ unique transgenic strains with cell-specific deletion of CNP to define a central (patho)physiological capacity of CNP in maintaining heart morphology and contractility.

Methods And Results: Cardiac structure and function were explored in wild type (WT), cardiomyocyte (cmCNP-/-), endothelium (ecCNP-/-), and fibroblast (fbCNP-/-)-specific CNP knockout mice, and global natriuretic peptide receptor (NPR)-B-/-, and NPR-C-/- animals at baseline and in experimental models of myocardial infarction and heart failure (HF).

Neprilysin inhibition for pulmonary arterial hypertension: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, proof-of-concept trial.

Background And Purpose: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is an incurable, incapacitating disorder resulting from increased pulmonary vascular resistance, pulmonary arterial remodelling, and right ventricular failure. In preclinical models, the combination of a PDE5 inhibitor (PDE5i) with a neprilysin inhibitor augments natriuretic peptide bioactivity, promotes cGMP signalling, and reverses the structural and haemodynamic deficits that characterize PAH. Herein, we conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to assess the efficacy and safety of repurposing the neprilysin inhibitor, racecadotril, in PAH.

Endothelial C-Type Natriuretic Peptide Is a Critical Regulator of Angiogenesis and Vascular Remodeling.

Background: Angiogenesis and vascular remodeling are complementary, innate responses to ischemic cardiovascular events, including peripheral artery disease and myocardial infarction, which restore tissue blood supply and oxygenation; the endothelium plays a critical function in these intrinsic protective processes. C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) is a fundamental endothelial signaling species that coordinates vascular homeostasis. Herein, we sought to delineate a central role for CNP in angiogenesis and vascular remodeling in response to ischemia.

Phosphodiesterase 2 inhibition preferentially promotes NO/guanylyl cyclase/cGMP signaling to reverse the development of heart failure.

Heart failure (HF) is a shared manifestation of several cardiovascular pathologies, including hypertension and myocardial infarction, and a limited repertoire of treatment modalities entails that the associated morbidity and mortality remain high. Impaired nitric oxide (NO)/guanylyl cyclase (GC)/cyclic guanosine-3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP) signaling, underpinned, in part, by up-regulation of cyclic nucleotide-hydrolyzing phosphodiesterase (PDE) isozymes, contributes to the pathogenesis of HF, and interventions targeted to enhancing cGMP have proven effective in preclinical models and patients. Numerous PDE isozymes coordinate the regulation of cardiac cGMP in the context of HF; PDE2 expression and activity are up-regulated in experimental and human HF, but a well-defined role for this isoform in pathogenesis has yet to be established, certainly in terms of cGMP signaling.

Prehospital Lactate Predicts Need for Resuscitative Care in Non-hypotensive Trauma Patients.

Introduction: The prehospital decision of whether to triage a patient to a trauma center can be difficult. Traditional decision rules are based heavily on vital sign abnormalities, which are insensitive in predicting severe injury. Prehospital lactate (PLac) measurement could better inform the triage decision.

Seed origin and warming constrain lodgepole pine recruitment, slowing the pace of population range shifts.

Understanding how climate warming will affect the demographic rates of different ecotypes is critical to predicting shifts in species distributions. Here, we present results from a common garden, climate change experiment in which we measured seedling recruitment of lodgepole pine, a widespread North American conifer that is also planted globally. Seeds from a low-elevation provenance had more than three-fold greater recruitment to their third year than seeds from a high-elevation provenance across sites within and above its native elevation range and across climate manipulations.

A pilot study evaluating changes to haematological and biochemical tests after Flexible Ureterorenoscopy for the treatment of kidney stones.

Background: Currently there is limited research documenting the changes in blood parameters, following Flexible Ureterorenoscopy. This study aims to determine whether there are any changes in haematology and biochemistry parameters, following Flexible Ureterorenoscopy for the treatment of kidney stones.

Methods: 40 consecutive patients aged between 27-87 years (median 49 years) undergoing Flexible Ureterorenoscopy for the treatment of kidney stones were recruited (26 male, 14 female).