Examining the Ethics and Impacts of Laws Restricting Transgender Youth-Athlete Participation.

As of this writing, twenty-one states have passed laws barring transgender youth-athletes from competing on public-school sports teams in accordance with their gender identity. Proponents of these regulations claim that transgender females in particular have inherent physiological advantages that threaten a "level playing field" for their cisgender competitors. Existing evidence is limited but does not support these restrictions.

First do no harm: overdiagnosis in Pediatrics.

Many errors can be made in diagnosis: underdiagnosis, misdiagnosis, and overdiagnosis. While underdiagnosis and misdiagnosis are clear errors, in overdiagnosis, a true abnormality is discovered, but detection does not benefit the patient. Harm occurs when patients are further evaluated and treated unnecessarily as a result of making a diagnosis that would never have affected the patient if the diagnosis had not been made.

Conflicts of Interest in Clinical Guidelines: Update of U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Policies and Procedures.

The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) provides independent, objective, and scientifically rigorous recommendations for clinical preventive services.

Impact of a Longitudinal Quality Improvement and Patient Safety Curriculum on Pediatric Residents.

Introduction: The effectiveness of longitudinal quality/safety resident curricula is uncertain. We developed and tested our longitudinal quality improvement (QI) and patient safety (PS) curriculum (QIPSC) to improve resident competence in QI/PS knowledge, skills, and attitudes.

Methods: Using core features of adult education theory and QI/PS methodology, we developed QIPSC that includes self-paced online modules, an interactive conference series, and mentored projects.

The US Preventive Services Task Force: What Is It and What Does It Do?

The US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) is an independent body comprised of national experts in prevention and evidence-based medicine. The primary audience for the USPSTF's work is primary care clinicians, and many consider the Task Force's recommendations to be definitive standards for preventive services.

Overdiagnosis: how our compulsion for diagnosis may be harming children.

Overdiagnosis occurs when a true abnormality is discovered, but detection of that abnormality does not benefit the patient. It should be distinguished from misdiagnosis, in which the diagnosis is inaccurate, and it is not synonymous with overtreatment or overuse, in which excess medication or procedures are provided to patients for both correct and incorrect diagnoses. Overdiagnosis for adult conditions has gained a great deal of recognition over the last few years, led by realizations that certain screening initiatives, such as those for breast and prostate cancer, may be harming the very people they were designed to protect.

Prevention of dental caries in children from birth through age 5 years: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement.

Description: Update of the 2004 US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation on prevention of dental caries in preschool-aged children.

Methods: The USPSTF reviewed the evidence on prevention of dental caries by primary care clinicians in children 5 years and younger, focusing on screening for caries, assessment of risk for future caries, and the effectiveness of various interventions that have possible benefits in preventing caries.

Population: This recommendation applies to children age 5 years and younger.

Screening for cognitive impairment in older adults: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement.

Description: Update of the 2003 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation on screening for dementia.

Primary care behavioral interventions to reduce illicit drug and nonmedical pharmaceutical use in children and adolescents: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement.

Description: Update of the 2008 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation on screening for illicit drug use.

Vitamin, mineral, and multivitamin supplements for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer: U.S. Preventive services Task Force recommendation statement.

Description: Update of the 2003 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation on vitamin supplementation to prevent cardiovascular disease and cancer.

Screening for gestational diabetes mellitus: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement.

Description: Update of the 2008 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation on screening for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Screening for lung cancer: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement.

Description: Update of the 2004 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation on screening for lung cancer.

Risk assessment, genetic counseling, and genetic testing for BRCA-related cancer in women: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement.

Description: Update of the 2005 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation on genetic risk assessment and BRCA mutation testing for breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility.

Screening for glaucoma: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.

Description: Update of the 2004 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation on screening for glaucoma.