Excessive dietary L-tryptophan regulated amino acids metabolism and serotonin signaling in the colon of weaning piglets with acetate-induced gut inflammation.

L-Tryptophan (Trp) was shown to improve the gut barrier and growth of weaning piglets. However, whether excessive dietary Trp regulates amino acids (AAs) metabolism and gut serotonin (5-HT) homeostasis in piglets with gut inflammation is not clear yet. We hypothesize that excessive dietary Trp alleviates acetate-induced colonic inflammation and gut barrier damage in weaning piglets partially through the regulation of colonic AAs metabolism and 5-HT signaling.

Microbial Tryptophan Metabolism Tunes Host Immunity, Metabolism, and Extraintestinal Disorders.

The trillions of commensal microorganisms comprising the gut microbiota have received growing attention owing to their impact on host physiology. Recent advances in our understandings of the host-microbiota crosstalk support a pivotal role of microbiota-derived metabolites in various physiological processes, as they serve as messengers in the complex dialogue between commensals and host immune and endocrine cells. In this review, we highlight the importance of tryptophan-derived metabolites in host physiology, and summarize the recent findings on the role of tryptophan catabolites in preserving intestinal homeostasis and fine-tuning immune and metabolic responses.

Tryptophan regulates bile and nitrogen metabolism in two pig gut lactobacilli species in vitro based on metabolomics study.

Research has demonstrated that tryptophan (Trp) regulated the composition and metabolism of the gut microbiota. However, the detailed mode of action of Trp on the metabolism of intestinal commensal lactobacilli has not been well characterized. This study aimed to compare the effects of Trp concentration (0.

Biochemical propensity mapping for structural and functional anatomy of importin α IBB domain.

Importin α has been described as a nuclear protein transport receptor that enables proteins synthesized in the cytoplasm to translocate into the nucleus. Besides its function in nuclear transport, an increasing number of studies have examined its non-nuclear transport functions. In both nuclear transport and non-nuclear transport, a functional domain called the IBB domain (importin β binding domain) plays a key role in regulating importin α behavior, and is a common interacting domain for multiple binding partners.

S-Nitrosylation of Akt by organic nitrate delays revascularization and the recovery of cardiac function in mice following myocardial infarction.

The effects of long-term nitrate therapy are compromised due to protein S-Nitrosylation, which is mediated by nitric oxide (NO). This study is to determine the role of Akt S-Nitrosylation in the recovery of heart functions after ischaemia. In recombinant Akt protein and in HEK293 cells, NO donor decreased Akt activity and induced Akt S-Nitrosylation, but was abolished if Akt protein was mutated by replacing cysteine 296/344 with alanine (Akt-C296/344A).

Dietary L-Tryptophan Regulates Colonic Serotonin Homeostasis in Mice with Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Colitis.

Background: L-tryptophan (Trp) has been reported to regulate gut immune responses during inflammation. However, the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown.

Objective: We investigated the role of Trp supplementation on the serotonin receptor (HTR)-mediated immune response in the colon of mice with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis.

Analysis of Tryptophan and Its Metabolites by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography.

Tryptophan is a nutritionally essential amino acid for both humans and animals. Besides acting as a building block for protein synthesis, tryptophan (Trp) and its metabolites are crucial for maintaining neurological function, immunity, and homeostasis in the body. To uncover the regulatory role of Trp and its metabolites in cell nutrition, metabolism and physiology, various analytical methods, including high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), have been developed to determine key Trp metabolites.

Trimetazidine Attenuates Exhaustive Exercise-Induced Myocardial Injury in Rats via Regulation of the Nrf2/NF-κB Signaling Pathway.

Exhausted exercise has been reported to cause the damage of myocardial structure and function in terms of cardiomyocyte apoptosis, oxidative stress, and energy metabolism disturbance. Trimetazidine (TMZ), as an anti-ischemic agent, has been approved to be effective in promoting myocardial energy metabolism, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidation. However, few studies examined the effects of TMZ on myocardial injury induced by exhausted exercise.

Validation of the 2007 kidney disease outcomes quality initiative clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy and nondiabetic renal disease in Chinese patients.

Aims: Diabetes mellitus (DM) has overtaken infection and immunological factors as the most common cause of end-stage renal disease. The 2007 Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (KDOQI) guideline is a widely accepted guideline for the clinical diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy (DN) and non-diabetic renal disease (NDRD). Our study sought to verify its diagnostic ability in the Chinese population.

Alteration of glycosylation in serum proteins: a new potential indicator to distinguish non-diabetic renal diseases from diabetic nephropathy.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) and nondiabetic renal disease (NDRD) are two major categories of renal diseases in diabetes mellitus patients. The clinical differentiation among them is usually not so clear and effective. In this study, sera from DN and NDRD patients were collected, and glycan profiles of serum proteins from DN and NDRD patients were investigated and compared by using lectin microarray and lectin blot.

Intracellular acidosis via activation of Akt-Girdin signaling promotes post ischemic angiogenesis during hyperglycemia.

Aims: The impaired angiogenesis is the major cause of diabetic delayed wound healing. The molecular insight remains unknown. Previous study has shown that high glucose (HG) activates Na/H exchanger 1 (NHE1) and induces intracellular alkalinization, resulting in endothelial dysfunction.

Glycopatterns of Urinary Protein as New Potential Diagnosis Indicators for Diabetic Nephropathy.

Diabetic nephropathy is a major cause of chronic kidney disease and end-stage kidney disease. However, so little is known about alterations of the glycopatterns in urine with the development of diabetic nephropathy. Presently, we interrogated glycopatterns in urine specimens using a lectin microarray.

Combating rituximab resistance by inducing ceramide/lysosome-involved cell death through initiation of CD20-TNFR1 co-localization.

Despite the success of CD20 antibody rituximab in immunotherapy, acquired resistance is one of the prime obstacles for the successful treatment of B-cell malignancies. There is an urgent need to intensify efforts against resistance in cancer treatment. Growing evidence indicated that lysosomes may form an "Achilles heel" for cancer cells by sensitizing them to death pathways.

Dysmorphic erythrocytes are superior to hematuria for indicating non-diabetic renal disease in type 2 diabetics.

Aims/introduction: There are sparse and limited studies on erythrocyte morphology in renal biopsy identifying nephropathic patients among type 2 diabetics. The present study sought to clarify the predictive value of dysmorphic erythrocytes in type 2 diabetics with non-diabetic renal disease and influences on hematuria.

Materials And Methods: We examined 198 patients with type 2 diabetes who underwent kidney biopsies between 2012 and 2013.

Telmisartan combined with probucol effectively reduces urinary protein in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled multicenter clinical study.

Background: Persistent proteinuria is an important factor contributing to the progression of diabetic nephropathy. The present randomized double-blind placebo-controlled multicenter clinical study evaluated the efficacy and safety of telmisartan combined with the antioxidant probucol in reducing urinary protein levels in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods: Patients with T2D and 24-h proteinuria 0.

Combating HER2-overexpressing breast cancer through induction of calreticulin exposure by Tras-Permut CrossMab.

Although trastuzumab has succeeded in breast cancer treatment, acquired resistance is one of the prime obstacles for breast cancer therapies. There is an urgent need to develop novel HER2 antibodies against trastuzumab resistance. Here, we first rational designed avidity-imporved trastuzumab and pertuzumab variants, and explored the correlation between the binding avidity improvement and their antitumor activities.

Validation of a differential diagnostic model of diabetic nephropathy and non-diabetic renal diseases and the establishment of a new diagnostic model.

Background: The aims of the present study were to validate the differential diagnostic model of diabetic nephropathy (DN) and non-diabetic renal diseases (NDRD) established in 2003 and to establish a new diagnostic model suitable for the current clinical characteristics of DN.

Methods: We examined 200 patients with Type 2 diabetes who underwent kidney biopsy from 2004 to 2012. The 2003 differential diagnostic model based on the data collected from 1993 to 2003 was evaluated by the diagnostic test and changes in the clinical differentiation parameters of DN and NDRD were analyzed.

Pathological predictors of renal outcomes in nephrotic idiopathic membranous nephropathy with decreased renal function.

Background And Objectives: The outcome of idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) in adults with nephrotic-range proteinuria and decreased renal function has seldom been described and the predictive value of pathological features is debated. This study aimed to describe the clinical course of this patient subgroup and to identify independently predictive pathological features.

Materials And Methods: We evaluated 129 adults with biopsy-proven IMN diagnosed from 2002 to 2011.

Single-incision versus conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients with uncomplicated gallbladder disease: a meta-analysis.

Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the gold standard treatment for cholecystectomy. Recently, single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy (SILC) has been suggested as an alternative technique.

Methods: Six databases were searched and reference lists of retrieved articles were checked to identify eligible studies.

Role of microRNA-181a in the apoptosis of tubular epithelial cell induced by cisplatin.

Background: Cisplatin (DDP) is one of most effective and most commonly used therapeutic agent in treating tumors, it can accumulate in the kidney and lead to acute renal failure. MicroRNA-181a can induce cell apoptosis by suppressing the expression of Bcl-2 family. In the present study, we investigated the role of microRNA-181a in the apoptosis of tubular epithelial cell induced by DDP.

DH9, a novel PPARγ agonist suppresses the proliferation of ADPKD epithelial cells: An association with an inhibition of β-catenin signaling.

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a genetic disease that exclusively progresses to renal failure. An important target for the treatment of ADPKD is to reduce cystic cell proliferation. PPARγ agonists such as TZDs are insulin sensitizing agents that have also been reported to decrease tumor growth.

Pyrimidinyl-arylpropionic acid derivatives: viable resources in the development of new antineoplastic agents.

Numerous studies have documented that various naturally derived ligands or synthetic non-thiazolidinediones (TZD) as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonists have shown moderate or potent antitumor activities, which is PPARgamma independent or partially dependent. However, the PPARgamma agonistic or glucose-lowering activity is ranked first more often than antitumor activity to determine promising novel PPARgamma agonists for potential clinical use. In this study, we hypothesized that there might exist some compounds with less PPARgamma agonistic activity but potent antitumor activity.