Mechanistic Understanding of Differences in Cytotoxicity Induced by Food Additives Methyleugenol and Methylisoeugenol.

Methyleugenol (ME) has been classified as a "group 2B carcinogen" by IARC. Its positional isomer methylisoeugenol (MIE) has been considered to be of "generally recognized as safe'' status by FDA. ME was more cytotoxic than MIE in cultured mouse primary hepatocytes.

External Validation of a 5-Factor Risk Model for Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema.

Importance: Secondary lymphedema is a common, harmful side effect of breast cancer treatment. Robust risk models that are externally validated are needed to facilitate clinical translation. A published risk model used 5 accessible clinical factors to predict the development of breast cancer-related lymphedema; this model included a patient's mammographic breast density as a novel predictive factor.

Prourokinase vs Standard Care for Patients With Mild Ischemic Stroke: The PUMICE Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Trials have not demonstrated superiority of alteplase or tenecteplase vs standard care in patients with mild stroke and have raised safety concerns. Prourokinase is an alternative fibrinolytic that may have a favorable safety profile, and the benefit-risk profile of prourokinase in mild stroke is unknown.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of prourokinase in mild ischemic stroke within 4.

Effect of gestational age and fetal sex on metabolism of creatine by uteri, placentae, and fetuses of pigs†.

The creatine (Cr) biosynthesis pathway buffers ATP in metabolically active tissues. We investigated whether sex of fetus and day of gestation influence Cr in endometrial and conceptus tissues from gilts on Days 60 and Day 90 (n = 6 gilts/day) of gestation. Uterine and conceptus tissues associated with one male and one female fetus from each gilt were analyzed for creatine, mRNAs, and proteins for Cr biosynthesis.

Comprehensive Analysis of Immune Characteristics of Fluorosis and Cuprotosis-Related Genes in Fluorosis Targeted Drugs.

This study aims to investigate the role of cuprotosis in fluorosis and identify potential targeted drugs for its treatment. The GSE70719 and GSE195920 datasets were merged using the inSilicoMerging package. DEGs between the exposure and control groups were found using R software.

Smartphone-based non-invasive detection of salivary uric acid based on the fluorescence quenching of gleditsia sinensis carbon dots.

A smartphone-based non-invasive method was developed for salivary uric acid detection using Gleditsia Sinensis carbon dots (GS-CDs). The GS-CDs synthesized by the one-pot hydrothermal method emitted blue fluorescence at a maximum excitation wavelength of 350 nm and had good fluorescence stability in the presence of different ions, while showing selectivity to uric acid solution. The ability of uric acid (UA) to quench the fluorescent substances present in the GS-CDs, was confirmed through HPLC-FLD and LC-MS, FTIR and XPS.

Saponins enhance the stability and cost-efficiency of human embryonic stem cell culture.

The cultivation and differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) into organoids are crucial for advancing of new drug development and personalized cell therapies. Despite establishing of chemically defined hESC culture media over the past decade, these media's reliance on growth factors, which are costly and prone to degradation, poses a challenge for sustained and stable cell culture. Here, we introduce an hESC culture system(E6Bs) that facilitates the long-term, genetically stable expansion of hESCs, enabling cells to consistently sustain high levels of pluripotency markers, including NANOG, SOX2, TRA-1-60, and SSEA4, across extended periods.

Synergistic effect of canine FGF-21 combined with insulin in the treatment of canine diabetes.

Previous studies have shown that FGF-21 can ameliorate hyperglycemia and improve the level of oxidative stress in vivo in diabetic mice. The hypoglycemic effect is safe and lasting, but it takes a longer time to exert its effect. Insulin treatment of canine diabetes takes effect quickly; however, its action time is short, and it is prone to cause hypoglycemia.

Pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence evaluation of two oral formulations of topiramate tablets in healthy Chinese male volunteers under fasting and fed conditions.

Topiramate is an antiepileptic drug (AED) that is effective in treating various types of epilepsy. This study evaluated the bioequivalence and safety of two topiramate tablets in healthy Chinese subjects under fasting and fed conditions. We designed an open-label, randomized, single-dose, two-period, crossover trial protocol.

Correlation analysis of transcriptome and metabolomics and functional study of Galactinol synthase gene (VcGolS3) of blueberry under salt stress.

Soil salinity poses a significant environmental challenge for the growth and development of blueberries. However, the specific mechanisms by which blueberries respond to salt stress are still not fully understood. Here, we employed a comprehensive approach integrating physiological, metabolomic, and transcriptomic analyses to identify key metabolic pathways in blueberries under salt stress.

CDK5: Insights into its roles in diseases.

Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5), a unique member of the CDK family, is a proline-directed serine/threonine protein kinase with critical roles in various physiological and pathological processes. Widely expressed in the central nervous system, CDK5 is strongly implicated in neurological diseases. Beyond its neurological roles, CDK5 is involved in metabolic disorders, psychiatric conditions, and tumor progression, contributing to processes such as proliferation, migration, immune evasion, genomic stability, and angiogenesis.

Safety profiles of fondaparinux in pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The prevalence of conditions necessitating anticoagulation therapy among pregnant women has been steadily increasing. Although low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) is commonly used, several studies have investigated the use of fondaparinux in pregnant women. However, the safety profile of fondaparinux in this population remains to be fully elucidated.

Associations of ventriculomegaly and white matter hyperintensities with glymphatic dysfunction in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus.

Objectives: To investigate glymphatic function in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) using the diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) method and to explore the associations of ALPS index with ventriculomegaly and white matter hyperintensities (WMH).

Materials And Methods: This study included 41 patients with iNPH and 40 age- and sex-matched normal controls (NCs). All participants underwent brain MRI.

Diagnostic accuracy of preoperative MRI in assessing macrotrabecular-massive subtype of hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: To determine the value of preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in predicting macrotrabecular-massive hepatocellular carcinoma (MTM-HCC).

Materials And Methods: A search was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library databases, and Embase for studies evaluating the performance of MRI in assessing MTM-HCC. The quality assessment of diagnostic studies (QUADAS-2) tool was used to assess the risk of bias.

Zebrafish modeling of atypical PML-RARA isoform from acute promyelocytic leukemia patient and its implications for clinical treatment.

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is driven by the specific fusion gene PML-RARA produced by chromosomal translocation. Three classic isoforms, L, V, and S, are found in more than 95% of APL patients. However, atypical PML-RARA isoforms are usually associated with uncertain disease progression and treatment prognosis.

Exploring the interplay between stress-is-enhancing mindsets, emotional growth mindsets, and mental health: Dynamic structural equation modeling.

Stress must not be avoided unilaterally because adaptive mindsets toward stress and stress-induced emotions are associated with better mental health outcomes. However, few studies have explored the reciprocal relationships between adaptive mindsets and mental health. This study assessed the role of trait-level stress-is-enhancing mindsets in the dynamic interplay between emotional growth mindsets and mental health in real-life contexts.

In Situ Conversion of Atherosclerotic Plaques' Iron into Nanotheranostics.

The presence of a substantial necrotic core in atherosclerotic plaques markedly heightens the risk of rupture, a consequence of elevated iron levels that exacerbate oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, thereby sustaining a detrimental cycle of ferroptosis and inflammation. Concurrently targeting both ferroptosis and inflammation is crucial for the effective treatment of vulnerable plaques. In this study, we introduce gallium hexacyanoferrate nanoabsorption catalysts (GaHCF NACs) designed to disrupt this pathological cycle.

Inhibition of DEK restores hematopoietic stem cell function in Fanconi anemia.

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are susceptible to replication stress, which is a major contributor to HSC defects in Fanconi anemia (FA). Here, we report that HSCs relax the global chromatin by downregulating the expression of a chromatin architectural protein, DEK, in response to replication stress. DEK is abnormally accumulated in bone marrow (BM) CD34+ cells from patients with FA and in Fancd2-deficient HSCs.

Clinical Trial: Precise Administration of Sucralfate Powder in Prevention of Delayed Postpolypectomy Bleeding. A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background/aims: Delayed postpolypectomy bleeding occurs in approximately 1% to 2% of all patients undergoing colonoscopic polypectomy, and this rate increases to 6% in patients with large (>2 cm) colon polyps. Sucralfate can protect the mucosa and promote its healing. This study was conducted to investigate whether colonoscopic spraying of sucralfate powder on polypectomy wounds can prevent delayed postoperative bleeding.

Heterogeneous copper-catalyzed Grignard reactions with allylic substrates.

Herein, we present a highly efficient allylic substitution of carbonates with Grignard reagents using a reusable cellulose-supported nanocopper catalyst. This approach highlights the first instance of heterogeneous catalysis for the cross-coupling of allylic alcohol substrates with Grignard reagents. The method features high yields, excellent regioselectivity, and complete chirality transfer.

A Randomized, Comparative Trial of a Potassium-Competitive Acid Blocker (X842) and Lansoprazole for the Treatment of Patients with Erosive Esophagitis.

Introduction: X842 is a new type of gastric acid-suppressing agent with a rapid onset of action and a long duration of effect. We aim to investigate the efficacy and safety of different doses of X842 versus lansoprazole in the treatment of patients with erosive esophagitis (EE).

Methods: This phase 2 study included 90 patients with EE (Los Angeles grades A-D) who were randomized (1:1:1) to receive oral low-dose X842 (50 mg/day, n=31), high-dose X842 (100 mg/day, n=31), or lansoprazole (30 mg/day, n=30) for 4 weeks.

Risk Factors for Incontinence-Associated Dermatitis in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Purpose: A meta-analysis was conducted to comprehensively identify risk factors of incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) in adults and provide evidence-based support for healthcare professionals to formulate IAD preventive interventions and bundled interventions.

Methods: Systematic review and meta-analysis of pooled findings.

Search Strategy: Two researchers independently searched databases PubMed, EBSCO, Cochrane Library, Embase, Medline, Web of Science and Scopus and 4 Chinese databases (CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP and CBM) for relevant studies published from their inception to March 15, 2023.

IL-21 and IL-33 May Be Effective Biomarkers to Predict the Efficacy of PD-1 Monoclonal Antibody for Advanced Cholangiocarcinoma.

Treatment options for patients with advanced biliary tract cancer (BTC) are limited. The programmed cell death protein-1 () inhibitors may have synergistic effects with chemotherapy. Therefore, the aim of our study was to provide real-world data on treatment outcomes in BTC patients receiving chemotherapy alone versus a combination of chemotherapy and inhibitors.

Nanoscopic acoustic vibrational dynamics of a single virus captured by ultrafast spectroscopy.

The natural vibrational frequencies of biological particles such as viruses and bacteria encode critical information about their mechanical and biological states as they interact with their local environment and undergo structural evolution. However, detecting and tracking these vibrations within a biological context at the single particle level has remained elusive. In this study, we track the vibrational motions of single, unlabeled virus particles under ambient conditions using ultrafast spectroscopy.

A synthetic biology approach for identifying de-SUMOylation enzymes of substrates.

A synthetic biology approach using a robust reconstitution system in Escherichia coli enables the identification of plant ubiquitin-like proteases responsible for removing the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) post-translational modifications from specific protein substrates.