Fluoride Dose-Response and Anticaries Effect of Herbal Antibacterial Agents and (Nano-)Hydroxyapatite on Dentin Caries: An In Vitro Study.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate the caries-preventive effect of fluoride-free toothpastes, containing either herbal agents or (nano-)hydroxyapatite.

Methods: Bovine dentin specimens each having a sound [ST], and a demineralized area [DT]) were prepared and randomly allocated to eleven groups (n=187). Treatments during pH-cycling (28 days;6x120min demineralization/day) were brushing 2x/day with: 0ppm F- [NaF0], 500ppm F- [NaF500], 1,100ppm F- [NaF1100], grape seed extract [GSE], (nano-)hydroxyapatite [nHA, HA], melaleuca oil [MO1, MO2, MO-CU] and propolis + myrrh [PM1, PM2] containing dentifrices.

β-diketone accumulation in response to drought stress is weakened in modern bread wheat varieties ( L.).

Cuticular waxes coating leaf surfaces can help plants tolerate drought events by reducing non-stomatal water loss. Despite their role in drought tolerance, little is known about how cuticular wax composition has changed during breeding in Canadian bread wheat ( L.) varieties.

Dynamic changes to the plant cuticle include the production of volatile cuticular wax-derived compounds.

The cuticle is a hydrophobic structure that seals plant aerial surfaces from the surrounding environment. To better understand how cuticular wax composition changes over development, we conducted an untargeted screen of leaf surface lipids from black cottonwood (). We observed major shifts to the lipid profile across development, from a phenolic and terpene-dominated profile in young leaves to an aliphatic wax-dominated profile in mature leaves.

The rise and fall of pneumococcal serotypes carried in the PCV era.

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major cause of meningitis, sepsis and pneumonia worldwide. Vaccination using pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) has therefore been part of the UK's childhood immunisation programme since 2006. Here we describe pneumococcal carriage rates in children under five years of age attending the paediatric department of a large UK hospital in response to vaccine implementation over seven winter seasons from 2006 to 2013.

Anaerobic digestion of municipal solid waste as a treatment prior to landfill.

Anaerobic digestion of organic fraction of municipal solid waste was conducted in pilot-scale reactor based on high-solid combined anaerobic digestion process. This study was performed in two runs. In Run 1 and Run 2, pre-stage flushing and micro-aeration were conducted to determine their effect in terms of enhancing hydrolysis and acidification in ambient condition.

Influence of tropical seasonal variations on landfill leachate characteristics--results from lysimeter studies.

Considering the quality of design and construction of landfills in developing countries, little information can be derived from randomly taken leachate samples. Leachate generation and composition under monsoon conditions have been studied using lysimeters to simulate sanitary landfills and open cell settings. In this study, lysimeters were filled with domestic waste, highly organic market waste and pre-treated waste.