Second-Line Pharmaceutical Treatments for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.

Importance: Assessing the relative effectiveness and safety of additional treatments when metformin monotherapy is insufficient remains a limiting factor in improving treatment choices in type 2 diabetes.

Objective: To determine whether data from electronic health records across the University of California Health system could be used to assess the comparative effectiveness and safety associated with 4 treatments in diabetes when added to metformin monotherapy.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This multicenter, new user, multidimensional propensity score-matched retrospective cohort study with leave-one-medical-center-out (LOMCO) sensitivity analysis used principles of emulating target trial.

Genetic Variance Estimates for Maize Yield, Grain Moisture, and Stalk Lodging for Doubled-Haploid and Conventional Selfed-Line Hybrids.

An experiment was conducted to compare estimated genetic variance for maize doubled haploid (DH) with conventional twice-selfed (S2)-line hybrids. Starting with a 4-parent population, at least 160 lines were derived using both of these methods and crossed with two inbred testers. For both inbred testers, maize hybrid grain yield and stalk lodging had higher estimated genetic variances for DH than for S2.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of five different antibiotic regimens for the treatment of uncomplicated Chlamydia trachomatis cervicitis.

Background: The new Centers for Disease Control and Prevention treatment guidelines for Chlamydia trachomatis include two recently available drugs, azithromycin and ofloxacin. The best choice for initial therapy remains controversial.

Objectives: We wanted to perform a cost-effectiveness analysis of five different antibiotic regimens for the treatment of uncomplicated Chlamydia trachomatis cervicitis.

Multiple regression for molecular-marker, quantitative trait data from large F2 populations.

Molecular marker-quantitative trait associations are important for breeders to recognize and understand to allow application in selection. This work was done to provide simple, intuitive explanations of trait-marker regression for large samples from an F2 and to examine the properties of the regression estimators. Beginning with a(- 1,0,1) coding of marker classes and expected frequencies in the F2, expected values, variances, and covariances of marker variables were calculated.

Initiation of a clinical pharmacology consult service as a formulary management tool.

Establishment of a multidisciplinary clinical pharmacology consult service (CPCS) can be an important adjunct to a successful formulary management system. This article describes the model of a CPCS developed at the University of California Davis Medical Center. The CPCS provides patient-specific consultations, serves a leadership role in directing the medical staff toward hospital-wide drug usage guidelines for high cost pharmaceutical agents, and enforces the P & T Committee adopted criteria on selected high-cost or high risk agents.

Use of RFLP markers to search for alleles in a maize population for improvement of an elite hybrid.

Molecular markers can be used to detect alleles in donor genetic material for improvement of existing cultivars or hybrids. DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) were used as markers to search for favorable alleles at quantitative trait loci in the maize (Zea mays L.) population BS11(FR)C7 which were not in the hybrid 'FRB73 x FRMo17.