Modular microfluidics for double emulsion formation.

For many engineering applications such as manipulating two phase flows, generating single and double emulsions, and passively propelling liquids through channels, control over the surface energy of microfluidic channels is essential. In particular, double emulsion formation, which benefits from alternating hydrophobic and hydrophilic sections of channel, represents a challenge in fabricating controlled microfluidic channel surface properties. As double emulsions find further applications in single-cell handling and analysis, straightforward methods for generating them increase in value.

Giant Lipid Vesicle Formation Using Vapor-Deposited Charged Porous Polymers.

In this study, we prepare giant lipid vesicles using vapor-deposited charged microporous poly(methacrylic acid- co-ethylene glycol diacrylate) polymer membranes with different morphologies and thicknesses. Our results suggest that vesicle formation is favored by thinner, more structured porous hydrogel substrates. Electrostatic interactions between the polymer and the lipid head groups affect vesicle yield and size distribution.

[Transgenic Tobacco plants expressing bacterial genes encoded the thermostable glucanases].

It is shown that bacterial genes for thermostable beta-glucanases are expressed retaining their activity and substrate specificity. The leader peptide of the carrot extensin exerts effective secretion of the bacterial enzymes into the intercellular space of the plant tissue. Expression of the bacterial gene for beta-1,3-glucanase in plant tissues alters their morphogenetic potential.

[Plastic changes in the intact cerebral cortex resulting from local damage to its symmetrical section].

Representation of the radial nerve in symmetrical area of the opposite hemisphere was studied in cats using the recording of focal potentials within 1.5-1.8 months after electrolytic destruction of the associative parietal cortex.

[Alpha-ketoglutarate carboxylation in brain and liver subcellular fractions of the hen during ontogeny].

Studies have been made of the role of NADPH and NADH in carboxylation of alpha-ketoglutarate to isocytrate in the cytoplasm and mitochondria of the brain and liver in ontogenesis of hens. In both fractions of the liver, the reaction in the presence of NADPH is more intensive than that in the presence of NADH, being more intense in the cytoplasm than in mitochondria; during embryogenesis, the rate of the reaction increases up to hatching, decreasing at later stages of ontogenesis. No significant changes in the rate of carboxylation were observed during ontogenesis in the presence of NADH.

[Intracellular distribution of NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase activity in the tissues of chickens in ontogeny].

The distribution of activity of NAD . P-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase in the chick liver and brain cytoplasm and mitochondria was studied during ontogenesis. A marked increase of its activity was found in both liver fractions during embryogenesis, with the predominance in mitochondria; the major part of its activity during postembryonic development is localized in the cytoplasm.

[Coenzyme specificity and isoenzyme spectrum of lactate dehydrogenase from different regions of the brain].

The coenzyme affinity of lactate dehydrogenase of various parts of rat brain is different to deamino-NAD and NAD as well as to their reduced forms. In direct reactions NAD exhibits a higher activity than deamino-NAD. In the reverse reaction an opposite pattern is observed.