The mouse monoclonal antibody 4E3 is specific for the G1m17 allotype of human IgG1.

Allotype is an amino acid variation within the immunoglobulin isotypes. Four allotypes have been described for human IgG1 and two of them (G1m3 and G1m17) are located at position 214 in the CH1 region of the gamma chain. Various diseases have been associated with allotype expression, making the allotype research an interesting field in immunology.

Respiratory symptoms, exacerbations and sleep disturbances are more common among participants with asthma and chronic airflow limitation: an epidemiological study in Estonia, Iceland and Sweden.

Background: Chronic airflow limitation (CAL) is a hallmark of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease but is also present in some patients with asthma. We investigated respiratory symptoms, sleep and health status of participants with and without CAL with particular emphasis on concurrent asthma using data from adult populations in Iceland, Estonia and Sweden investigated within the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease study.

Methods: All participants underwent spirometry with measurements of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV) and forced vital capacity (FVC) before and after bronchodilation.

Reference values of serum total IgE in Uppsala - comparison over four decades.

Background: Total immunoglobulin E (IgE) analysis is a common tool in allergy diagnosis. Suggested reference values for IgE are divergent and sometimes based on outdated assay methods. We aimed to validate the published reference values (geometric mean [GM]: 13.

Eosinophil-derived neurotoxin levels in early childhood and association with preschool asthma - A prospective observational study.

Introduction: Eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN) is related to childhood asthma, while normal values are lacking. We aimed to document serum EDN levels at 1 and 3 years in general and in non-atopic children, and explore if EDN levels differed by sex or were associated with preschool asthma at 3 years.

Methods: From the PreventADALL birth cohort, we included 1233 children with EDN analysed using ImmunoCAP at 1 and/or 3 years.

History and Utility of Specific IgE Cutoff Levels: What is the Relevance for Allergy Diagnosis?

Allergy is defined clinically, by symptoms on allergen exposure. A patient is considered sensitized when allergen-specific IgE (sIgE) antibody can be detected in serum or plasma or a skin test result is positive, even if no clinical reaction has been experienced. Sensitization should be regarded as a requisite and risk factor for allergy but is not synonymous with an allergy diagnosis.

Allergic sensitisation and type-2 inflammation is associated with new-onset and persistent allergic disease.

Background: Allergic disease is common. The aim of this study was to look at the change in asthma and rhinitis over time and to characterise factors contributing to remission and persistence of disease.

Methods: This cohort study included 255 individuals with or without asthma and or rhinitis that participated in a population survey and a follow-up 10 years later.

Measurement of Serum IgG Anti-Integrin αvβ6 Autoantibodies Is a Promising Tool in the Diagnosis of Ulcerative Colitis.

IgG anti-integrin αvβ6 autoantibodies (IgG anti-αvβ6) have been described as highly sensitive and specific markers of ulcerative colitis (UC) in the sera of Japanese inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of IgG anti-αvβ6 as a biomarker in Swedish patients with IBD or irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The study included adult UC (n = 59), Crohn’s disease (CD, n = 38), and IBS patients (n = 100).

Serum Eosinophilic Cationic Protein Is a Reliable Biomarker for Childhood Asthma.

Background: Eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP) is associated with airway inflammation and asthma. However, the clinical value of measuring ECP in childhood asthma is not fully known. We aimed to study the diagnostic performance of serum ECP and other common asthma biomarkers, individually and in combinations.

Importance of type and degree of IgE sensitisation for defining fractional exhaled nitric oxide reference values.

Background: Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FE) is a marker of type 2 airway inflammation used in clinical practice in asthma. However, reference values are needed to broaden the clinical use of FE and this is within the scope of a newly started Global Lung Function Initiative task force. We aim to study FE levels with special emphasis on the upper limit of normal (ULN) in relation to the type and degree of IgE sensitisation.

IgG4 anti-infliximab in treated patients: Clinical impact and temporal evolution.

Background: Infliximab (IFX) carries potential risk of immunogenicity with the production of anti-drug antibodies (ADA). ADA may belong to different isotypes and are usually measured by ELISA bridging assay. This test is not designed to detect IgG4 antibodies.

Human Allergen-Specific IgG Subclass Antibodies Measured Using ImmunoCAP Technology.

Background: Knowledge of human IgG subclass antibody responses to various allergens has been hampered by a lack of reliable standardized assays. The aim here was to develop quantitative immunoassays for human IgG1, IgG2, and IgG3 antibodies using ImmunoCAP® technology and to evaluate their application.

Methods: Enzyme conjugates with isotype-specific monoclonal antibodies and calibrators composed of purified myeloma paraproteins were developed for each assay and used together with other standardized assay reagents for the Phadia® 100 instrument.

Measurement of specific IgE antibodies to Ses i 1 improves the diagnosis of sesame allergy.

Background: The number of reported cases of allergic reactions to sesame seeds (Sesamum indicum) has increased significantly. The specific IgE tests and skin prick tests presently available for diagnosis of sesame allergy are all based on crude sesame extract and are limited by their low clinical specificity. Thus, oral food challenge (OFC) is still the gold standard in the diagnosis.

High IgE levels to α-lactalbumin, β-lactoglobulin and casein predict less successful cow's milk oral immunotherapy.

Background: A new treatment option for persistent cow's milk allergy (CMA) is oral immunotherapy (OIT). Not all patients develop tolerance during therapy, and markers to identify those who will benefit from it are needed. The objective was to study the IgE and IgG4 antibody profiles to milk and milk proteins before and after OIT in relation to clinical outcome.

Monitoring Ara h 1, 2 and 3-sIgE and sIgG4 antibodies in peanut allergic children receiving oral rush immunotherapy.

Background: The aim was to study the clinical efficacy and safety of rush oral immunotherapy (OIT) for severe peanut-allergic children and to measure the antibody responses.

Methods: Eighteen Japanese children were enrolled after a positive double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge (DBPCFC). The patients ingested peanuts up to 3-5 times a day every 30 min, increasing the dose by 20% every time.