Predictive factors for COVID-19 severity and mortality in hospitalized children.

Background: Understanding the factors influencing disease progression and severity in pediatric COVID-19 cases is essential for effective management and intervention strategies. This study aimed to evaluate the discriminative ability of clinical and laboratory parameters to identify predictors of COVID-19 severity and mortality in hospitalized children.

Methods: In this multicenter retrospective cohort study, we included 468 pediatric patients with COVID-19.

Cerebral Necrotizing Encephalopathy in a 7-year-old Child after being Infected with COVID-19, A Case Report.

New daily data on the COVID-19 pandemic are circulating globally. This disease usually appears with respiratory symptoms such as cough, shortness of breath, and fever. The neurological complications of the disease are somewhat known in adults but rarely reported in children.

Impact of on various characteristics of tomatoes during nickel nitrate stress under aeroponic and greenhouse conditions.

As an essential nutrient for plant growth, nickel's (Ni) requirement is very low, and its augmented level causes environmental pollution and toxicity. Being a root endophytic fungus, () can be beneficial to many plants under stress and non-stress conditions, particularly in terms of their improved growth performance. , as evidenced, enhances tolerance and resistance in most plants once they experience a range of stresses caused by biotic and abiotic factors, e.

Contribution of Serendipita indica on growth improvement, antioxidative capacity of Dracocephalum kotschyi, and its resistance against cadmium stress.

Cadmium pollution is a severe issue worldwide which causes an elevated concern in agriculture. The utilization of plant-microbial interactions offers a promising approach for the remediation of cadmium-polluted soils. To elucidate the mechanism of Serendipita indica-mediated cadmium stress tolerance, a potting experiment was conducted to study the impact of S.

Investigating olfactory disorders in children with COVID-19 disease admitted to Hazrat Masoumeh Hospital in Qom.

Background: One of the most important sensory disorders that usually occur after viral infections, especially human coronaviruses and rhinoviruses, is anosmia or loss of olfactory sense. The aim of the present study was to investigate olfactory disorders in children with COVID-19 disease admitted to Hazrat Masoumeh Hospital in Qom.

Materials And Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 85 children admitted to Hazrat Masoumeh Hospital in Qom by using a convenience random sampling method.

Pediatric tuberculosis in Iran: a review of 10-years study in an Iranian referral hospital.

Introduction: Reductions in global tuberculosis incidence are considered as one of the End TB Strategy goal. The diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) in children is challenging due to insufficient specimen material and the scarcity of bacilli in specimens. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence, characteristics, clinical profiles, laboratory findings and treatment outcomes of children infected with TB in an Iranian referral hospital during a 10-years period.

A multicenter retrospective study of clinical features, laboratory characteristics, and outcomes of 166 hospitalized children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A preliminary report from Iranian Network for Research in Viral Diseases (INRVD).

Background: The objectives of this study were to analyze the clinical features and laboratory profiles and risk factors associated with critical illness of children with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).

Methods: One hundred and sixty-six coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Iranian pediatric patients were recruited through a collaborative research network between March and May 2020. Demographics, clinical, laboratory, and radiological results were obtained from patient files.

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in 45 children: a first report from Iran.

During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a new phenomenon manifesting as a multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) which has a similar clinical presentation to Kawasaki disease, toxic shock syndrome and severe sepsis has emerged. Although the number of MIS-C reports is increasing, rare reports in Asia is still available. To our knowledge, this study is the largest series of published MIS-C cases in Iran.

Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in children in Iran: Atypical CT manifestations and mortality risk of severe COVID-19 infection.

Background: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, Iran reported its first confirmed cases of syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections on 19 February 2020 in Qom. Although the numbers of cases are increasing, no report about clinical manifestations, laboratory results, and imaging findings of the children infected with COVID-19 in Iran has been published. The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiological, clinical, and radiological and laboratory findings of 24 children who had proven SARS-CoV-2 infection and performed chest computed tomographic (CT) in Qom, Iran.

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Children: A Study in an Iranian Children's Referral Hospital.

Background: Despite the worldwide spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the epidemiological and clinical patterns of the COVID-19 infection remain largely unclear, particularly among children. In this study, we explored the epidemiological characteristics, clinical patterns, and laboratory and imaging findings of pediatric patients with COVID-19.

Materials And Methods: From March 7 to March 30, 2020, there were a total of 35 patients who had confirmed COVID-19 infection by laboratory virus nucleic acid test (RT-PCR) assay with throat swab samples or typical chest CT manifestation compatible with COVID-19, in addition to a history of close contact with suspected or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 in family members.

Epidemiologic and clinical findings of children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in four provinces of Iran.

Introduction: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is still a remarkable challenge throughout the world, especially in developing countries. Despite the fact that HIV in children is becoming one of the most challenging diseases, it seems that pediatric AIDS in Iran is an unknown disease and there is a lack of studies about it. The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of HIV-positive children who referred to the hospitals of Tehran, Kermanshah, Kurdistan, and Qom provinces of Iran.

Expression of Major Efflux Pumps in Fluconazole-Resistant Candida albicans.

Introduction: Resistance to azole antifungals is considered as a significant problem in Candida albicans infections. Several molecular mechanisms of fluconazole resistance including alterations in the gene encoding the target enzyme ERG11 or overexpression of efflux pump genes including CDR1, CDR2, MDR1, MDR2 and FLU1 have been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate overexpression of efflux pump genes including CDR1, CDR2, MDR1, MDR2 and FLU1 in fluconazole- resistant C.

Comparison the Serum STREM1 Levels Between Children with Upper and Lower UTI.

Background: Pyelonephritis is the most common and important infection among Iranian pediatric population. Differentiation between upper and lower Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is often difficult based on clinical data. Therefore, definite diagnosis is helpful for choosing appropriate antibiotic and decision for hospital admission.

Diagnostic Value of CRP, Procalcitonin, and Ferritin Levels in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Children with Meningitis.

Background And Objective: Bacterial meningitis is a serious disease with high rate of mortality and morbidity in children. Invasion of pathogens causes brain and meningeal inflammation, which leads to the release of biomarkers into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Identification of these biomarkers can help the physicians to differentiate between bacterial and aseptic meningitis.

Epidemiology of children with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (stage 3): A referral hospital-based study in Iran.

Lack of recognition of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection especially in children and delayed implementation of effective control programs makes HIV infection as a major cause for concern. Information on HIV epidemiology in Iran as well as other Islamic countries is limited. The aim of our study was to describe the clinical manifestation and laboratory finding of HIV infected children who were admitted to a referral Children Medical Center (CMC) in Tehran, Iran, during 11 years from January 2002 to January 2013.

Viral etiology of acute lower respiratory tract infections in hospitalized young children in a children's referral hospital in Iran.

Viruses are considered major causes of acute respiratory tract infections among children under 5 years old. In this study we investigated the prevalence of three respiratory viruses--respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza virus (INF) and adenovirus (ADV)--among hospitalized children with acute viral lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs). Nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected from children under five who had been hospitalized for LRTIs.

Posterior mediastinal mass: an unusual presentation of pediatric tuberculosis.

Mediastinal mass is a rare presentation of tuberculosis in children. The sources of posterior mediastinal mass are usually neurogenic tumors, infections or vascular lesions. Herein, a 12-year-old girl is presented who manifested with a posterior mediastinal mass extending to the right paravertebral space from T3 to T8 with extension to retrocardiac and subcarinal spaces.

Salmonella meningitis in a 16-month-old child with AIDS.

Impairment of cellular immunity related to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection predisposes patients to opportunistic infections. In this report, we describe a 16-month-old boy with salmonella meningitis and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The patient was referred to the Infectious Diseases Ward with a history of prolonged fever and refractory vomiting.

Generalized lymphadenopathy in infancy; a case report.

Background: Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) is a rare disease of histiocytic cells, a cause of benign cervical lymphadenopathy (LAP) and massive generalized lymph node enlargement in children and adults. There are also some reports on involvement of other human body organs with or without LAP.

Case Presentation: A 7-month-old infant with chief complaint of generalized massive LAP was referred to our center.

High frequency of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecalis in an Iranian referral children medical hospital.

Background: Enterococci have emerged in recent years as important nosocomial pathogens. Although most enterococcal human infections are caused by Enterococcus faecalis, studies on vancomycin resistance are usually limited to Enterococcus faecium isolates and a little is known about E. faecalis.

Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis in an Iranian infant.

Introduction. Naegleria fowleri, a free living amoeba, can cause devastating and deadly diseases in humans. This is the first report of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis from Iran.

Disseminated BCG as a unique feature of an infant with severe combined immunodeficiency.

Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is a rare primary immunodeficiency disease, which renders patients prone to recurrent severe infections in early childhood. Herein, we present a five-month-old boy with SCID who was referred to our center with recurrent diarrhea, respiratory infection and lymphadenopathy. Immunological studies showed hypogammaglobulinemia and low number of T-cells, which was compatible with the diagnosis of T- B+ SCID.

BCGiosis as a presenting feature of a child with chronic granulomatous disease.

Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) vaccine, which is administered to all newborns in some regions, could lead to serious complication ranging from local disease (known as BCGitis) to disseminated disease (BCGosis) in a group of patients with primary immunodeficiency diseases. We are reporting here a 3.5 year-old girl with a history of prolonged BCGitis, which developed to disseminated disease without any other special features.