Contrastive Clustering-Based Patient Normalization to Improve Automated In Vivo Oral Cancer Diagnosis from Multispectral Autofluorescence Lifetime Images.

Multispectral autofluorescence lifetime imaging systems have recently been developed to quickly and non-invasively assess tissue properties for applications in oral cancer diagnosis. As a non-traditional imaging modality, the autofluorescence signal collected from the system cannot be directly visually assessed by a clinician and a model is needed to generate a diagnosis for each image. However, training a deep learning model from scratch on small multispectral autofluorescence datasets can fail due to inter-patient variability, poor initialization, and overfitting.

Computer-assisted discrimination of cancerous and pre-cancerous from benign oral lesions based on multispectral autofluorescence imaging endoscopy.

Significance: Diagnosis of cancerous and pre-cancerous oral lesions at early stages is critical for the improvement of patient care, to increase survival rates and minimize the invasiveness of tumor resection surgery. Unfortunately, oral precancerous and early-stage cancerous lesions are often difficult to distinguish from oral benign lesions with the existing diagnostic tools used during standard clinical oral examination. In consequence, early diagnosis of oral cancer can be achieved in only about 30% of patients.

Clinical label-free endoscopic imaging of biochemical and metabolic autofluorescence biomarkers of benign, precancerous, and cancerous oral lesions.

Early detection is critical for improving the survival rate and quality of life of oral cancer patients; unfortunately, dysplastic and early-stage cancerous oral lesions are often difficult to distinguish from oral benign lesions during standard clinical oral examination. Therefore, there is a critical need for novel clinical technologies that would enable reliable oral cancer screening. The autofluorescence properties of the oral epithelial tissue provide quantitative information about morphological, biochemical, and metabolic tissue and cellular alterations accompanying carcinogenesis.

End-to-End Neural Network for Feature Extraction and Cancer Diagnosis of In Vivo Fluorescence Lifetime Images of Oral Lesions.

In contrast to previous studies that focused on classical machine learning algorithms and hand-crafted features, we present an end-to-end neural network classification method able to accommodate lesion heterogeneity for improved oral cancer diagnosis using multispectral autofluorescence lifetime imaging (maFLIM) endoscopy. Our method uses an autoencoder framework jointly trained with a classifier designed to handle overfitting problems with reduced databases, which is often the case in healthcare applications. The autoencoder guides the feature extraction process through the reconstruction loss and enables the potential use of unsupervised data for domain adaptation and improved generalization.

Machine-Learning Assisted Discrimination of Precancerous and Cancerous from Healthy Oral Tissue Based on Multispectral Autofluorescence Lifetime Imaging Endoscopy.

Multispectral autofluorescence lifetime imaging (maFLIM) can be used to clinically image a plurality of metabolic and biochemical autofluorescence biomarkers of oral epithelial dysplasia and cancer. This study tested the hypothesis that maFLIM-derived autofluorescence biomarkers can be used in machine-learning (ML) models to discriminate dysplastic and cancerous from healthy oral tissue. Clinical widefield maFLIM endoscopy imaging of cancerous and dysplastic oral lesions was performed at two clinical centers.

Epidemiology and pathology of oral squamous cell carcinoma in a multi-ethnic population: Retrospective study of 154 cases over 7 years in Qatar.

Background: Oral cancer (OC) is a neoplastic process of the oral cavity that has high mortality and significant effects on patients' aesthetics. The majority of OC is oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and resection remains the most frequent treatment. Recurrence is the main cause of tumor-related mortality.

Combination of Rigid and Nonrigid Fixation Versus Nonrigid Fixation for Bilateral Mandibular Fractures: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial.

Purpose: We aimed to compare complication rates and functional outcomes in patients with bilateral mandibular fractures treated with different degrees of internal fixation rigidity.

Patients And Methods: This international, multicenter randomized controlled trial included adults with bilateral mandibular fractures located at either the angle and body, angle and symphysis, or body and symphysis. Patients were treated with either a combination of rigid fixation for the anterior fracture and nonrigid fixation for the posterior fracture (mixed fixation) or nonrigid fixation for both fractures.

Clinical label-free biochemical and metabolic fluorescence lifetime endoscopic imaging of precancerous and cancerous oral lesions.

Introduction: Incomplete head and neck cancer resection occurs in up to 85% of cases, leading to increased odds of local recurrence and regional metastases; thus, image-guided surgical tools for accurate, in situ and fast detection of positive margins during head and neck cancer resection surgery are urgently needed. Oral epithelial dysplasia and cancer development is accompanied by morphological, biochemical, and metabolic tissue and cellular alterations that can modulate the autofluorescence properties of the oral epithelial tissue.

Objective: This study aimed to test the hypothesis that autofluorescence biomarkers of oral precancer and cancer can be clinically imaged and quantified by means of multispectral fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) endoscopy.

A case of oncocytic lipoadenoma of the submandibular gland and its diagnostic cytology challenges.

Lipomatous tumors of the salivary gland in general are rare and oncocytic lipoadenomas are even much rarer. Most of the reported cases of oncocytic lipoadenoma were located in the parotid gland and to the best of our knowledge, only four cases reported to arise from the submandibular gland. The preoperative interpretation of the aspirates taken from these lesions can be difficult and challenging.

Orbital reconstruction with a partially absorbable mesh (monofilament polypropylene fibre and monofilament poliglecaprone-25): Our experience with 34 patients.

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness and complications related to the use of a partially absorbable mesh for the reconstruction of orbital floor fractures. This is a retrospective review of 34 consecutive patients who suffered orbital trauma from August 2007 to March 2013 treated with a partially absorbable mesh for orbital reconstruction. Data collected included gender, age, nationality, cause of injury, date of admission, date of surgery, date of discharge, type of fracture, signs and symptoms such as diplopia, enophthalmos, and sensory disturbance related to the infraorbital nerve, complications before and after surgery, and follow-ups at 1 week, 1 month, 6 months, and after 1 year.

Human dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells isolation and osteoblast differentiation.

Aim: This study was focused on the isolation and characterization of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from human dental pulp (DPSC).

Methods: The study was performed in the Department for Oral and Cranio-Maxillo- Facial Surgey Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar and Weill Cornell Medical Colleague Doha, Qatar, in period 2010-2011. Dental pulp was extracted from premolars and third molars of 19 healthy patients.

Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-7 and bone marrow as a substitute for bone graft in reconstruction defect of rabbit mandible.

Objective: To obtain information on the feasibility of employing recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-7 (rhBMP-7), mixed with bone marrow as a substitute for autologous bone graft.

Methods: We carried out the study in the University Clinic Center, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, from February 2002 to January 2004. Six New Zealand rabbits underwent hemiresection of the mandible.