Nutritional care pathways in cancer patients with malignant bowel obstruction: A retrospective multi-centre study.

Introduction: Variation in access to parenteral nutrition (PN) in patients with intestinal failure secondary to malignant bowel obstruction (MBO) exists due to differing practice, beliefs and resource access. We aimed to examine differences in nutritional care pathways and outcomes, by referral to nutrition team for PN in patients with MBO.

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study of MBO adults admitted to eight UK hospitals within a year and 1 year follow-up.

Two-dimensional correlated spectroscopy records reduced neurotransmission in blast-exposed artillery soldiers after live fire training.

There is a requirement for an objective method to determine a safe level of low-level military occupational blast, having recognised it can lead to neurological damage. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effect of artillery firing training on the neurochemistry of frontline soldiers using two-dimensional (2D) COrrelated SpectroscopY (2D COSY) in a 3-T clinical MR scanner. Ten men considered to be of sound health were evaluated before and after a week-long live firing exercise in two ways.

Investigating the Relationship between Home Parenteral Support and Needs-Based Quality of Life in Patients with Chronic Intestinal Failure: A National Multi-Centre Longitudinal Cohort Study.

Home parenteral support (HPS) is an essential but potentially burdensome treatment that can affect quality of life (QoL). The aims of this longitudinal study were to understand whether any changes in HPS over time were associated with QoL. The Parenteral Nutrition Impact Questionnaire (PNIQ) was used, and data were collected on HPS prescribed at three time points.

In vivo assignment of methylmalonic acid in breast tissue using 2D MRS and relationship with breast density, menopausal status and cancer risk.

Background: Methylmalonic acid (MMA) is linked to progression and aggressiveness of tumours. A recent study showed that high levels of circulatory MMA directed genetic programs promoting cancer progression.

Purpose: To evaluate in vivo two-dimensional correlated spectroscopy (2D COSY) data from women at elevated risk of breast cancer to determine if resonances consistent with MMA are present, and if so to correlate levels with breast density, menopausal status and risk categories.

Case Report: Capacity to Objectively Monitor the Response of a Chronic Pain Patient to Treatment.

Response to pain therapy is currently by patient self-report. We demonstrate that by evaluating the neurochemistry of a patient, using two-dimensional Correlated SpectroscopY (2D COSY) in a 3T MRI scanner, response to therapy can be recorded. A chronic temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain patient was evaluated by a pain physician specializing in temporomandibular disorders (TMD), and by 2D COSY, before, and 6 days after treatment with Botulinum Toxin A.

Breast Tissue Chemistry Measured In Vivo In Healthy Women Correlate with Breast Density and Breast Cancer Risk.

Background: The relationship of tissue chemistry to breast density and cancer risk has not been documented despite breast density being a known risk factor.

Purpose: To investigate whether distinct chemical profiles associated with breast density and cancer risk are identified in healthy breast tissue using in vivo two-dimensional correlated spectroscopy (2D COSY).

Study Type: Prospective.

Impact of home parenteral nutrition on family members: A national multi-centre cross-sectional study.

Background & Aims: Home parenteral nutrition (HPN) is a necessary treatment for patients with chronic, type 3, intestinal failure (IF). HPN often requires lifestyle adaptations, which are likely to affect quality of life (QoL) in both patients and family members. The aim of this study was to identify the level of burden on family members who are involved with HPN care and to understand specific factors that contribute to any burden.

British Intestinal Failure Alliance (BIFA) guidance - haematological and biochemical monitoring of adult patients receiving home parenteral nutrition.

Home parenteral nutrition (HPN) is necessary for patients with prolonged intestinal failure which can be secondary to a variety of pathophysiological mechanisms or surgical resection. HPN is needed to supply micronutrients, macronutrients and water to reduce morbidity and mortality and to maximise the patient's quality of life. HPN requires close monitoring by a dedicated multidisciplinary team and is vital to minimise complications; both catheter related and metabolic.

The effectiveness of buccal Vitamin D replacement in patients requiring home parenteral nutrition.

Background And Aims: Patients with intestinal failure requiring home parenteral nutrition are at risk of vitamin D and other micronutrient deficiencies. Conventional enteral replacement of Vitamin D may not be sufficient for this patient group. This study examines whether buccal Vitamin D provides an alternative, effective route for supplementing Vitamin D in patients with intestinal failure.

COVID-19 infection in patients with intestinal failure: UK experience.

Background: The direct effect of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on patients with intestinal failure (IF) has not been described.

Methods: We conducted a nationwide study of UK IF centers to evaluate the infection rates, presentations, and outcomes in patients with types 2 and 3 IF.

Results: A total of 45 patients with IF contracted COVID-19 between March and August 2020; this included 26 of 2191 (1.

Two New Fucose-α (1-2)-Glycans Assigned In The Healthy Human Brain Taking The Number To Seven.

Fucosylated glycans are involved in the molecular mechanisms that underpin neuronal development, learning and memory. The capacity to study the fucose-α(1-2)-glycan residues noninvasively in the human brain, is integral to understanding their function and deregulation. Five fucose crosspeaks were assigned to fucosylated glycans using in vivo two-dimensional magnetic resonance Correlated SpectroscopY (2D L-COSY) of the brain.

Elevated Whole-Blood Manganese Levels in Adult Patients Prescribed "Manganese-Free" Home Parenteral Nutrition.

Background: Manganese toxicity can occur as a complication of home parenteral nutrition (HPN). Patients can present with Parkinson disease-like symptoms. Preparations of trace elements (TEs) in parenteral nutrition (PN) generally provide amounts in excess of requirements.

Needs-based quality of life in adults dependent on home parenteral nutrition.

Background & Aims: Home parenteral nutrition (HPN) provides life sustaining treatment for people with chronic intestinal failure. Individuals may require HPN for months or years and are dependent on regular intravenous infusions, usually 12-14 h overnight between 1 and 7 days each week. This regime can have adverse impact on the life of people dependent on the treatment.

Methodological consensus on clinical proton MRS of the brain: Review and recommendations.

Proton MRS ( H MRS) provides noninvasive, quantitative metabolite profiles of tissue and has been shown to aid the clinical management of several brain diseases. Although most modern clinical MR scanners support MRS capabilities, routine use is largely restricted to specialized centers with good access to MR research support. Widespread adoption has been slow for several reasons, and technical challenges toward obtaining reliable good-quality results have been identified as a contributing factor.

Author Correction: Post-traumatic stress disorder affects fucose-α(1-2)-glycans in the human brain: preliminary findings of neuro deregulation using in vivo two-dimensional neuro MR spectroscopy.

The original article contained errors in the Fig. 1 caption. The incorrect sentence, "The region highlighted by the white box is expanded in Fig.

Post-traumatic stress disorder affects fucose-α(1-2)-glycans in the human brain: preliminary findings of neuro deregulation using in vivo two-dimensional neuro MR spectroscopy.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is triggered by experiencing terrifying event(s) for which there is currently no objective test for a definitive diagnosis. We report a pilot study where two-dimensional (2D) neuro magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), collected at 3 T in a clinical scanner with a 64-channel head coil, identifies neuro deregulation in the PTSD cohort. The control subjects (n = 10) were compared with PTSD participants with minimal co-morbidities (n = 10).

Systematic review of in-vivo neuro magnetic resonance spectroscopy for the assessment of posttraumatic stress disorder.

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a trauma and stressor-related disorder that results in complex somatic, cognitive, affective and behavioural effects, after exposure to traumatic event(s). Conventional imaging (T1 and T2 weighted magnetic resonance imaging) has little to offer in the way of diagnosis of mental health conditions such as PTSD and there is currently no objective diagnostic test available. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) allows for non-invasive measurement of metabolites and neurochemicals in the brain using a conventional MRI scanner and offers the potential to predict, diagnose and monitor PTSD.

UK practice in the prevention of central venous catheter-associated thrombosis in adults on home parenteral nutrition.

Background: Maintaining central access is imperative for the delivery of home parenteral nutrition (HPN) in those with intestinal failure. Methods to reduce central venous catheter infection are well recognised; however, the prevention of line thrombosis is less well studied.

Methods: This paper reviews the current evidence and reports a survey of current practice within the UK.

Hitchhiker's Guide to Voxel Segmentation for Partial Volume Correction of In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy.

Partial volume effects have the potential to cause inaccuracies when quantifying metabolites using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). In order to correct for cerebrospinal fluid content, a spectroscopic voxel needs to be segmented according to different tissue contents. This article aims to detail how automated partial volume segmentation can be undertaken and provides a software framework for researchers to develop their own tools.

Managing Malnutrition in Older Persons Residing in Care Homes: Nutritional and Clinical Outcomes Following a Screening and Intervention Program.

This study aimed to establish prevalence of malnutrition in older adult care home residents and investigate whether a nutritional screening and intervention program could improve nutritional and clinical outcomes. A community-based cohort study was conducted in five Newcastle care homes. 205 participants entered; 175 were followed up.